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Strengthening our National Innovation System. Gary R. Bachula Technology Administration U.S. Department of Commerce. “National Innovation System”. The Production of Knowledge The Application of Knowledge. Production of Knowledge. Research & Development Scientists and Engineers:
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Strengthening ourNational Innovation System Gary R. Bachula Technology Administration U.S. Department of Commerce
“National Innovation System” • The Production of Knowledge • The Application of Knowledge
Production of Knowledge • Research & Development • Scientists and Engineers: • Universities • Government Labs • Private Labs • Supporting Infrastructure: • Labs & Equipment • Institutions • Policies • Funding Sources
Production of Knowledge Issues • Public Funding of R&D • Private Funding of R&D • Balance of R&D Portfolios • R&D Infrastructure • Science, Math & Engineering Education • Policy Climate for the Conduct of R&D
Intellectual Property Rights Anti-Trust Tax Incentives (R&E Tax Credit, Capital Gains) Regulatory Issues Standards International, National,State, Local Policies Performance Measurements Risk-Sharing, Partnerships Accounting Practices R&D Policy Climate
Application of Knowledge • Problem Solving, New Products, Services, Efficient Processes • Knowledge Producers • Government Agencies • Entrepreneurs • Venture Capitalists • Business Managers • Financial Institutions
Barriers to Deployment: IPR Tax Anti-Trust Regulatory Standards Skills & Workforce Issues Seed, venture, mezzanine capital “Valley of Death” Bridging the gap between research & commercialization Partnerships Federal, state, local Application of Knowledge Issues
“Barriers to Innovation” Early Stage Knowledge Production • Resources for Fundamental Science • Infrastructure for Fundamental Science: • Laboratories & Equipment • Information Infrastructure • Number, Quality & Skills of S&T Workforce
“Barriers to Innovation” Next-Stage Applied Research & Technology Development • Resources for the “Valley of Death” • Private Sector “Seed Capital” • Risk-Sharing, Uncertainty -- the need for partnerships, collaborations, consortia • Tax, regulatory, IPR, standards barriers • Market barriers
“Barriers to Innovation” Technology Commercialization • Venture Capital • Tax, regulatory, IPR, standards, anti-trust • Complex Systems
Market barriers Regulatory barriers Resources Externalities Standards Technical barriers Infrastructure Complex systems Multiple policy levels: international, national,state, local Knowledge diffusion “Barriers to Innovation” Technology Application (Deployment, Diffusion)
“Barriers to Innovation” • “Complex v. Simple” Innovations • Each sector has different issues… • “No one size fits all policy solutions”
A Final Thought…. Can government policy keep up with “The Speed of Innovation?”