Planning

1. Planning Not all participants can access the field every day as this will impact our study sites and is logistically difficult. In short, participants will spend half-time in the field, and half-time processing and pre-sorting samples in the laboratory. As far as possible the program of each participant as been planned as to include, out of a sequence of 4 days: Day 1: Field work: own program Day 2-3: laboratory Day 4: field work: own program/individual program/help with other programs

2. Tentative planning: scientific activities Chronologically field work concentrates on crane, bubble, raft and ikos N.B. Late surveys of FITs = B2: 9 Nov; C3: 10 Nov; R3: 12 Nov, No Ikos

3. Tentative planning: participants N.B. The technical staff has been booked as all person being present each day, which is not going to be the case

4. Field Work Field work is going to be challenging, no need to hide this. Please be prepared. Rains will be very frequent: please bring a raincoat or equivalent AND a good umbrella. Pack all your equipment in plastic bags, use water-resistant paper for notes, etc. There is no malaria at our field sites or on BCI but chiggers and ticks are common. Bring insect repellent and medicine against insect bites. Bring your own climbing gear (harness, jumars, etc.) as to be independent and efficient. Other useful items: torch and batteries, water bottles (we will use tap water from BCI for drinking in the field). In essence: try to be self-sufficient!

5. Tree-climbing practice A spot near the crane garita will be designated to test single rope equipment and to practice tree-climbing, if needed. Details from Y. Basset, M. Samaniego or B. Corbara. In doubt, please consult with the professional tree climbers: T. Aubert, N. Baiben & S. Bechet.

6. Seasonal replication Seasonal replication will be discussed between participants during the first phase of the project. The following is open to discussion: Vegetation: not needed, but refining measurements at ground plots may be possible Sticky traps: at crane sites, at least. Needs to leave guide ropes for transects, which could be re-activated also at other sites. FITs: same remarks as for sticky traps Beating: possible at crane sites Fogging: possible at all sites Light traps: possible at crane sites Microarthropods: possible at all sites if guide ropes are left in place Winkler: not possible at the same sites, but at surrogate sites. Pitfall traps: possible at all sites Individual programs: depends on the interest and program

7. List of focal taxa Some flexibility may be required as the result of particular sampling programs may be uncertain Drosophilidae

8. Focal taxa: summary 6 13

9. Suggested extraction of material Add: Drosophilidae: Sticky Light Fogging FIT Winkler Pitfall

10. Processing of material Panamanian students (probably n = 5) will help with the sorting. Priority will be given to programs generating large amount of specimens, such as fogging, FITs and microarthropods. Sticky traps: All material identified as far as possible to families and counted. Focal taxa (n= 22) are extracted and kept in whirl-packs filled with ethanol (2,000 available for the program). The rest of material is thrown away. FITs: 33 focal taxa and 3,000 whirl-packs available. Two Panamanian students to help Beating: 17 focal taxa and 1,500 whirl-packs available Fogging: 35 focal taxa and 4,000 whirl-packs available. Two Panamanian students to help Light traps: 18 focal taxa, 2,000 entomological pins and 1,000 whirl-packs available (+ storage boxes) Microarthropods: 8 focal taxa, 864 vials available (no whirl-packs). One Panamanian student to help Winkler: 21 focal taxa and 3,000 whirl-packs available Pitfall traps: 18 focal taxa and 3,000 whirl-packs available In total: 17,500 whirl-packs and 489 liters ethanol 70 degrees available

11. Laboratories on BCI Two main working places have been designated for the IBISCA project on BCI: 1) ‘Wet-dirty’ area: in the Kodak house. Please concentrate all work there which may be rather wet, dirty or requires handling large samples, etc. 2) ‘Dry-clean’ area: BCI meeting room. For work with stereomicroscopes (n = 11). In addition, two desktop and one laptop computers will be available for the project in this area (see databasing,below). Other working spaces may also be set up in different laboratories. The general BCI computer room with internet access will be shared with other BCI users. There will be designated areas for storage of equipment and chemicals. Databasing: at the end of the first phase, each participant will be required to provide the scientific coordinators with a simple Excel file detailing the different samples obtained with his/her sampling program. These files will be needed to coordinates the analyses of the results. Please think beforehand of the codes you want to use for your samples and how you want to organize this file.

12. Collecting, storage and export of specimens The collecting permit is collective and will be included in your information envelope (see below). These fees will be paid by the project. We expect that most of the material will be exported by the participants with individual export permits, when leaving Panama. However, it may be possible to store material at the University of Panama. Later exportation of the material is possible, but more difficult to organize for wet material. Each participant is required to pay individually for export permits.

13. Transfer Tocumen airport to BCI The Hotel Via Espana will host most of the participants when transiting from/to Tocumen airport and BCI. Booking has been made as indicated in the following page. Hotel Via Espana: Via Espana (Martin Sosa y Via Espana), Panama City. Ph. +507 264 0800, Fax +507 264 8802, email hviaespana@cwpanama.net Price single/double rooms: $22/$22-33 (double beds or not). Transfer airport - Hotel - airport: by taxi/bus organised by Samatour (Ph. 680-8990/646-4660) The taxi/bus will be dispatched at the airport when you arrive. The driver will wait with a sign ‘IBISCA’. Participants are required to pay the taxi fare ($20, each additional person = $5; i.e. one person pays $20, 3 people $10 each). Transfer Hotel - Gamboa - Hotel: Same system organised by Samatour. Cost of fare $20, with additional person = $5. You need to leave the hotel at least 1 hour 15 before the time departure of the boat. See next pages for individual bookings and arrival. Transfer Gamboa - BCI - Gamboa: by boat, free. You need your personal badge to enter the Dredging Division at Gamboa and access the boat. This badge will be given at your hotel, along with an envelope with other information.

14. Arrivals - airport transfers and hotel As of 11 Sept 2003. If the information is incorrect, please urgently contact Yves! H. Barrios, Y. Basset, D. Frame, R. Harrison, A. Hernandez, E. Medianero, C. Potvin, D. Roubik, M. Samaniego & S.J. Wright are based in Panama City and this is irrelevant to them

15. Barro Colorado Island (BCI) You are assumed to have signed a form detailing the general conditions of the IBISCA project before your arrival. This form was sent by email earlier. Your stay on BCI is also subject to different regulations and recommendations, please see the documentation sent by e-mail. In particular, washing machines and telephones are available (for a fee). Meals: 3 meals will be provided per day. However, participants leaving for the field will be requested to prepare their own breakfast and lunch early in the morning. Each Thursday, informal seminars are presented on BCI. From our group, F. Hallé, D. Frame and A. Floren will be presenting such seminars. If you want to present a seminar please contact Yves. Change: Panama uses US$. If needed, better to change US$ before you leave for Panama, as this could prove to be time-consuming in the city. It will be possible to go to Panama City from BCI, by boat and bus (see schedule next page)

16. Schedule BCI- Gamboa - Panama City

17. Barro Colorado Island: where to take the boat at Gamboa In case you need to get there by taxi or bus (in addition, it is possible to get the boat from the City) Actual loading point: go here! Old passenger’s loading point X X

18. Rooms - BCI (as of 4 Sept 03) Some participants may have been booked longer than indicated on this schedule. When in doubt, please check with Yves

19. Projected statistical analyses (data combined from all sampling programs) This will be discussed by the group, on BCI (see next page). Some suggestions: Faunal similarity: for each group, between each of the 9 sites (18 sub-sites: upper canopy and understorey/soil, including vegetation, treated as a taxon or as an explanatory variable. Correlation between focal taxa, including vegetation, at the 9 (18) sites. Multivariate analyses, either for particular sampling programs, or as a whole, with vegetation and canopy openness as explanatory variables for each of the 9 (18) sites.

20. Meetings and informal discussions Each day, a short meeting will be held on BCI early in the evening to review the progress and challenges of the day, and update the daily planning. It will be possible at that time to call the support crew in Panama City to review any action needed. We plan to have a large meeting about mid-way through the project with all participants, to discuss seasonal replication, processing of material and statistical analyses. Other social events and seminars as indicated on next page.

21. Events and seminars during IBISCA (so far) • 22 Sept 2003, 18h00: Inauguration of the ‘Quinzaine scientifique française’ at the University of Panama. • 23 Sept 2003, 12h00: Seminar on tree architecture by Francis Hallé, at STRI (Tupper). • 25 Sept 2003, 19h15: Seminar on tree architecture by Francis Hallé, at BCI. • 1 Oct 2003, 19h00: Public talk (G. Ebersolt, H. Barrios & B. Corbara) about the canopy raft and the project • IBISCA (in Spanish) at the University of Panama, for the ‘Quinzaine scientifique française’. • 11 Oct 2003: Visit of Smithsonian Institution Secretary Lawrence Small at the IBISCA sites. • 12 Oct 2003: Round table with all participants on BCI, to review the progresses, challenges and • the future of the IBISCA project. • 13 Oct 2003: Visit of Prof. E.O. Wilson at the IBISCA sites. • 16 Oct 2003, 19h15: Seminar on comparing arboreal arthropod communities in temperate and tropical forests, • by Andreas Floren, at BCI. • 20 Oct 2003, 19h15: Seminar on plant-arthropod associations by Dawn Frame, at BCI. • 21 Oct 2003, 12h00: Seminar on host specificity, alpha- and beta-diversity of phytophagous beetles in two tropical forests • in Panama by Frode Ødegaard

22. Significance of IBISCA The major scientific output of the project would represent (i) the first attempt to compare arthropod species richness in the soil vs. canopy habitats of a tropical rainforest, including a wide range of taxa and sufficient spatial and temporal replicates, as well as samples obtained in situ from the canopy; (ii) one of the first study of beta diversity at a fine scale (a few kilometres) in a lowland tropical forest, encompassing again a sample size accounting for arthropod diversity, spatial and seasonal replicates; and (iii) one of the first study of airborne arthropod fine stratification (a few metres) within the canopy. The amount of data generated on the vertical stratification and beta-diversity of 40 focal arthropod taxa phylogenetically and ecologically distant is likely to have far ranging implications for the conservation of biodiversity in tropical rainforests.

23. Participants and duties Entomologists: Henri-Pierre Aberlenc, Héctor Barrios, Yves Basset, Lukas Cizek, Bruno Corbara, Gianfranco Curletti, Alain Dejean, Raphael Didham, Laura L. Fagan, Andreas Floren, Rhett Harrison, Kevin Jordan, Roger Kitching, Maurice Leponce, Enrique Medianero, Frode Ødegaard, Jerome Orivel, Servio Ribeiro, Yves Roisin, David Roubik, Jürgen Schmidl, Alexey Tishechkin & Neville Winchester Botanists: Dawn Frame, Francis Hallé, Andres Hernandez, Margaret Lowman, Catherine Potvin, Mirna Samaniego & Joe Wright Technical staff: Thierry Aubert, Nouï Baiben, Stephane Bechet, Dany Cleyet-Marrel, Gilles Ebersolt, Olivier Pascal & Laurent Pyot Crane operators: José Herrera, Edwin Andrade & Oscar Saldaña Support crew: Yves Basset, Mirna Samaniego, Patrick Basset, Héctor Barrios & Bruno Corbara Logistics: Gilles Ebersolt & Mirna Samaniego Scientific coordination: Yves Basset, Bruno Corbara, Héctor Barrios & Joe Wright

24. Sponsors Solvay - Solvin (www.solvinpvc.com) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (www.stri.org) Global Canopy Programme (www.globalcanopy.org) Joe Wright and Yves Basset’s research funds at STRI Ecoport and University of Florida (www.ecoport.org/) Ambassade de France à Panama (http://www.ambafrance-pa.org/) Note: Ecoport has generously donated $1,000 towards general equipment for the IBISCA project. One requirement is to improve the picture databank in the Ecoport database (www.ecoport.org). You can help by donating digital pictures of tropical insect herbivores to Ecoport (from Panama or elsewhere; pictures of specimens dead or alive). Please contact Yves Basset.

25. Useful contacts in Panama (+507) BCI switchboard and fax Ph.212-8900/8951, Fax 212-8937/8975 IBISCA project, BCI Ph. 212 8978 Samatour Ph. 680-8990 / 646 4660 Yves Basset Office 603 at STRI (Tupper Building): Ph. 212 8233, Fax 212 8148. Home 264 9529, bassety@tivoli.si.edu HéctorBarrios University of Panama (Entomologia), Ph 264 5431, hbarrios@ancon.up.ac.pa Mirna Samaniego Office 523 at STRI, Ph 212 8177, samaniem@tivoli.si.edu Orelis Arosemena Visitor’s office, STRI, Ph 212 8016, arosemo@tivoli.si.edu Oris Acevedo Barro Colorado Island, Ph 212 8901, acevedo@bci.si.edu Hotel Via Espana Via Espana (Martin Sosa y Via Espana), Panama City Ph. 264 0800, Fax 264 8802, email hviaespana@cwpanama.net