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Finance, of financing, is the process of raising funds or capital for any kind of expenditure. It is the process of channeling various funds in the form of credit, loans, or invested capital to those economic entities that most need them or can put them to the most productive use.
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What is Finance? The science of managing money, including activities such as investing, borrowing, lending, saving, and forecasting. Why is Finance Important? • Critical for decision-making in both personal and business contexts. • Helps in understanding the economic environment and making informed financial decisions. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Major Areas of Finance Personal Finance • Budgeting, saving, investing, and planning for retirement. Corporate Finance • Managing a company's capital structure, funding operations, and making strategic investment decisions. Public Finance • Government budgeting, expenditure, taxation, and debt management. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Balance Sheet Income Statement A report on a company’s financial performance over a specific period, detailing revenue, expenses, and profits. A snapshot of a company’s financial position at a specific point in time, showing assets, liabilities, and equity. Key Instruments Cash Flow Statement Stocks, Bonds, Mutual Funds, ETFs, Options, Futures. A record of cash inflows and outflows categorized by operating, investing, and financing activities. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Markets Stock markets, bond markets, money markets, and derivatives markets. Financial Markets and Instruments Instruments Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, options, and futures. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Profitability Ratios Measure a company’s ability to generate profit (e.g., Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets). Liquidity Ratios Solvency Ratios Assess a company’s ability to meet short-term obligations (e.g., Current Ratio, Quick Ratio). Evaluate a company’s long-term financial stability (e.g., Debt to Equity Ratio). www.Bankingvidhya.com
Types of Investments Stocks, Bonds, Real Estate, Commodities, Mutual Funds. Risk and Return The relationship between the potential return of an investment and the risk taken. Diversification Spreading investments across various assets to reduce risk. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Creating a detailed plan to track income and expenses. • Setting aside money for unexpected expenses. • Preparing financially for retirement through savings and investments. www.Bankingvidhya.com
Corporate Finance Corporate Finance refers to the financial activities related to running a corporation, with a primary goal of maximizing shareholder value through long-term and short-term financial planning and the implementation of various strategies. www.Bankingvidhya.com
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