Biology Project(Pollution)

1. Biology Project(Pollution) Presented by Lee Kwan Yeung Ho Wai Kit Ma Sui Long Wong Ka Lok Chan Tak Ho Wong Kin Yan

2. Content • The definition of pollution: • The general definition • The definition about land pollutions • The cause of the pollution • Thecauses of soil erosion • Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong • The economic lose cause by the pollution • Rubbish • Landfill • The spending on solving the land pollution • The damage cause by the pollution • The damage of the soil erosion • The problem cause by the landfill side • The method to solve the pollution

3. What is pollution?? • Pollution is the release of environmental pollutants. • The major forms of pollution include: • Air pollution: The release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. • Water pollution: The large set of adverse effects upon water (lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater) caused by human activities. • Noise pollution: The displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the environment. • Land pollution: The presence of man made chemicals or other alteration to the natural soil environment.

4. What is land pollution?? Land pollution occurs when there is some chemical leak to the soil which cause harm to the soil Like other pollution, human have already give out land pollutant since the history began. At that time it wasn’t very affect the ecosystem However, starting for 20th century, human are able to create a lot of chemical. These chemical is harmful the ecosystem. So we have to reduce the land pollution now

5. Thecauses of soil erosion • This happens in many ways • draining of fens and bogs • the introduction and intensification of agriculture. • Over farming of the agricultural land • Chemical fertilizers change the water holding capacity • All this • lower the stability • makes soil more mobile • More easy to be corroded by wind and water.

6. Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong Hong Kong generates different types of wastes everyday .Some common wastes including construction wastes ,chemical wastes ,Municipal Solid Wastes .Others like clinical wastes etc. These wastes will pollute the lands seriously .

7. The vast majority of the wastes in Hong Kong are mainly come from households ,industries and commercial areas .All these wastes will transfer to different landfill sites in Hong Kong .The landfill sites in Hong Kong are almost running out . According to Environmental Protection Department (EPD)’s statistical result, the quantities of major types of solid waste disposed of in 1991-2005 are shown below :

8. Others wastes like construction wastes , chemical wastes etc. are also a main source of land pollution in Hong Kong .So ,we need to do something to solve the problem of running out of landfill sites and the problem of the serious land pollution in Hong Kong .

9. The economic lose cause by the pollution Rubbish ＊according to the information in 2003 from EPD ＊17760metric ton is being handled everyday ＊the government needs to spend 7million to handle the rubbish everyday ＊therefore, 1.5billion is spent each year

10. Landfill ＊in order to solve the rubbish problem , the government build up many landfills to handle the rubbish ＊the cost ofconstruction and operation on landfills is 125 dollars per metric ton ＊In 2002, 7.7 billions metric ton of rubbish had been handled. ＊until now, 9 billions has been spent for construct and operation on landfills

11. The spendingon solving the land pollution ＊The suggestion from DAB party, in order to solve the rubbish problem, the government needs to spend 6.28 billion to overcome it ＊although the government can get profit after a decade, disposal of the waste need 6.28billion Hong Kong dollar .From this, we can know that the land pollution in HK is very serious and causes huge economic loss

12. The damage cause by soil erosion • This happens in many ways • More land become desert • Make the living things loss their habitat • Great decrease in the number of living organism • A lot of organism extinct • Affect the climate

13. What are the problems caused by the landfill sites??? • Fire and explosion • Inhalation of toxic gases • Disease carried by the insect • Cause water pollution • Damage to plant and wildlife habitats • Decrease of living standard of the nearby people • Waste land rescouces

14. Solution of land pollution

15. Disposal of plastics by way of landfill or incineration is a waste of useful resources. Such wastage may be reduced by recycling. • Direct recycling Recycling of plastic

16. Advantages of direct recycling • Reduces air pollution due to the incineration of plastics 2. Less dumping area is required and therefore saves more lands for other uses. 3. Reduces the use of petroleum.

17. 4Rs’ Method • Reuse or recycling of paper -Waste paper is recycled to produce corrugated cardboard and paper board. - Recycling of paper can help to minimize waste and save resources, especially the tree.

18. Reuse or Recycling of metals. • - Some metal articles, such as furniture, kitchen ware, aluminium foils, etc. can be reused. • - Metal wastes can be recycled by melting and using them again. • - Recycling of metals is important because mineral resources are limited but they are high demand. • Reduce solid waste • e.g. newspaper , aluminium cans, glass containers and certain plastic items

19. Computer Pollutant ▪Some material inside the computer such as Lead ,will pollute the land. Then will cause other ecological problems ▪The computer will become outdate very fast ( about three years) It means the number of electronic wastes are increasing. . The size of computer is big and uses up many spaces

20. Plastic pollutant ▪Plastics are not digestible. The plastics will not decompose under the sunlight. Therefore, they can last for a long period in the environment. ▪Some plastic products, such as tire is very big. It used up many spaces .Also, the use of plastic products are very high and cause land pollution. ▪It is expensive and difficult to recycle the plastics .

21. The end