Standardized Nursing language

1. Standardized Nursing language Applications in A Nursing Practicum Course Copyright Kelly J. Smith RN, MSN University of Iowa College of Nursing

2. Components of Nursing Language • NANDA: Nursing Diagnosis: Definitions and Classification • NIC: Nursing Interventions Classification • NOC: Nursing Outcomes Classification

3.    Variations of Nursing Diagnosis’: • 1.      Actual diagnosis: describes health conditions that exist and supported by defining characteristics • 2.      Risk diagnosis: those which describe disease or other conditions that may develop and are supported by risk factors • 3.      Wellness diagnosis: describe levels of wellness and potential for enhancement to a higher level of functioning (NANDA, 2009) and (Denehy & Poulton, 1999)

4. Components of a Nursing Diagnosis • 1.   Label or Name and definition • 2.  Related Factors OR Risk Factors • 3. Defining Characteristics

5. Case Study • 4 year old boy with ALL • Admitted one week after chemo with a fever of 102.5F • WBC is 0.3,absolute neutrophil count is zero • New central line placed 10 days ago • C/O nausea & vomiting • Cries and hides behind mother when approach by nursing staff

6. Examples • 1.      Risk for infection related to immunosuppression secondary to chemotherapy, inadequate primary defenses (central venous catheter),chronic disease (ALL)and developmental level.

7. Was our choice correct? • Definition of the label: At increased risk for being invaded by pathogenic organisms • Risk Factors: • Insufficient knowledge to avoid exposure to pathogens (developmental level) • Inadequate secondary defenses (leukopenia) • Inadequate primary defenses (broken skin from newly placed central line) • Pharmaceutical Agents (immunosuppressant, i.e. chemotherapy) (NANDA,2009)

8. Examples • 2.      Nausea related to chemotherapy as evidenced by vomiting, patient c/o “tummy ache” and aversion toward food.

9. Examples • 3.     Fear related to unfamiliarity with environmental experiences as evidenced by avoidance behaviors (hides behind mother) and crying.

10. NOC • The nursing outcomes classification (NOC) is a classification of nurse sensitive outcomes • NOC outcomes and indicators “allow for measurement of the patient, family, or community outcome at any point on a continuum from most negative to most positive and at different points in time.” ( Iowa Outcome Project, 2008)

11. Components • A neutral label or name used to characterize the behavior or patient status • A list of indicators that describe client behavior or patient status. • A five point scale to rate the patient‘s status for each of the indicators

12. NANDA/NOC Linkage • Each nursing Diagnosis is followed by a list of suggested outcomes to measure whether the chosen interventions are helping the identified problem • Each outcome can be individualized to the patient or family by choosing the appropriate indicators or adding additional indicators as necessary

13. NOC examples: Linked with “Risk for Infection” • Immune Status (0702) • Infection Severity (0703) • Knowledge: Infection Control (1807) • Nutritional Status (1004) • Tissue Integrity: Skin & Mucous membranes (1101) • Wound Healing: Primary Intention (1102) Location of wound (#4, Front of Neck)

14. Immune Status (0702) Definition: Natural and acquired appropriately targeted resistance to internal and external antigens. 1=severely compromised thru 5= not compromised • Absolute WBC values WNL • Differential WBC values WNL • Skin integrity • Mucosa integrity • Body temperature IER • Gastrointestinal function

15. Immune Status (Continued) 1= severe thru 5= None • Recurrent Infections • Weight Loss • Tumors (Immature WBC’s) (NOC, 2004 p.322)

16. Scale • Extremely compromised 1 • Substantially compromised 2 • Moderately compromised 3 • Mildly compromised 4 • Not compromised 5 _____________________________________________________ • Severe 1 • Substantial 2 • Moderate 3 • Mild 4 • None 5

17. NIC • “The nursing interventions classification (NIC) is a comprehensive, standardized language describing treatments that nurses perform in all settings and in all specialties.” (Iowa Intervention Project, 2008)

18. Interventions • Definition: “any treatment based upon clinical judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient/client outcomes.” (Iowa Intervention Project, 2000,p.3)

19. Components • Name or label • A definition • A set of activities the nurse does to carry out the intervention

20. NANDA/NIC Linkage • Each NANDA diagnosis is followed by a list of suggested interventions for resolving the identified problem • Interventions and activities should be chosen to meet the individual clients needs • Activities can be further individualized by adding client specific information • Additional activities may be added if appropriate

21. NIC Examples: Linked with “Risk for Infection” • 6550 infection protection • 1100 nutrition management • 3590 skin surveillance • 6650 surveillance • 3660 wound care

22. Infection Protection 6550 • Definition: Prevention and early detection of infection in a patient at risk • Activities: • Monitor for systemic and localized s & sx of infection (central line site check every 4 hours.) • Monitor WBC, and differential results (qd or qod) • Follow neutropenic precautions • Provide a private room • Limit number of visitors

23. Infection Protection (Cont.) • Activities (Cont.) • Screen all visitors for communicable disease • Maintain asepsis • Inspect skin and mucous membranes for redness, extreme warmth or drainage (q4 hours) • Inspect condition of surgical incision ( central line insertion site q 4 hours) • Obtain cultures, as needed (Blood cultures prn T>38.3 C q 24 hours) (Drainage @ Central line site) • Promote Nutritional intake (1500 kcal per day, Pt. likes cereal)

24. Infection Protection (cont.) • Activities (cont.) • Encourage fluid intake (1225 cc per day, Pt likes orange Gatorade) • Encourage rest (naps every afternoon from 1-3 PM, bedtime at 2030) • Monitor for change in energy level/malaise • Instruct patient to take anti-infective as prescribed (Bactrim BID, po, MTW and Nystatin 5cc,s & s, TID) • Teach Family about s & sx of infection and when to report them to HCP (NIC, 2008)

25. Sample Care Plan using Case Study

26. Sample Blank Careplan Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions: Choose the highest priority Nursing Diagnosis as indicated on the clinical reasoning web. Include problem statement (NANDA), related to or risk factors (etiology), and defining characteristics (as evidenced byor AEB) as appropriate. List all of the appropriate NOC Outcome labels and indicators and NIC intervention labels and nursing activities which will best help your client achieve those outcomes. List the rationale for each and determine where your client falls on the outcome indicator scale (1-5) at the specified time intervals. In the final column summarize why you gave your client the indicator scores that were given and any changes in your care plan that should be made. Briefly describe how the plan of care is helping the patient meet the desired outcomes and any changes that need to be made:

27. References • Denehy,J. & Poulton,S. (1999) Journal of School Nursing, 15 (1), 38-45. • Iowa Intervention Project (2008). Nursing interventions and Classification (NIC). (4th ed.) St. Louis: Mosby, Inc. • Iowa Outcomes Project (2008). Nursing outcomes classification (NOC). (3rd ed.) St. Louis: Mosby, Inc. • NANDA Nursing Diagnosis: Definitions and Classifications 2009-2011. (2009). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley-Blackwell.

28. References (cont.) • Pesut, D. & Herman, J. (1999) Clinical Reasoning: The Art & Science of Critical and Creative Thinking. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. • Schoenfelder, Deborah (2004). Nursing outcomes classification (NOC). Appendix F. (2004)St. Louis: Mosby, Inc. • Van De Castle, B. (2003) Comparisons of Nanda/NIC/NOC linkages between experts and nursing students. International Journal of Terminologies and Classifications 14(4)