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Standardized Testing

Standardized Testing. Basic Terminology. Evaluation: a judgment Measurement: a number Assessment: procedure to gather information. Norm-referenced General ability Compares people to people Selecting top candidates. Criterion-referenced Mastery Basic skills Prerequisites

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Standardized Testing

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  1. Standardized Testing

  2. Basic Terminology • Evaluation: a judgment • Measurement: a number • Assessment: procedure to gather information

  3. Norm-referenced General ability Compares people to people Selecting top candidates Criterion-referenced Mastery Basic skills Prerequisites Grouping for instruction Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Tests

  4. What Do Test Scores Mean? • Standardized test • Norming sample • Frequency distributions • Central tendency • Variability

  5. Frequency Distribution Histogram

  6. Central Tendency • Mean • The arithmetic average • Median • The middle score • Mode • The most frequently occurring score

  7. Variability • Range • Standard deviation • Indicates how much the scores vary from the mean

  8. Calculating the Standard Deviation • Calculate the mean:c • Subtract the mean from each score: (c-c) • Square each difference: (c-c)2 • Add all the squared differences:S(c-c)2 • Divide by the number of scores: S(c-c)2 • N • Find the square root : S(c-c)2 • N

  9. Sample Problems

  10. Reading 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 Arithmetic 76 78 77 71 75 79 74 72 73 Calculate the mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation for the following sets of scores

  11. Calculations • Reading c c-c (c-c)2 • 95 20 400 • 90 15 225 • 85 10 100 • 80 5 25 • 75 0 0 • 70 -5 25 • 65 -10 100 • 60 -15 225 • 55 -20 400 S(c-c)2 = 1500 • Arithmetic c c-c (c-c)2 • 76 +1 1 • 78 +3 9 • 77 +2 4 • 71 -4 16 • 75 0 0 • 79 +4 16 • 72 -3 9 • 73 -2 4 • 74 -1 1 S(c-c)2 = 60

  12. Calculations continued Reading S(c-c)2 =166.67 N S(c-c) 2 N Arithmetic S(c-c)2 =6.67 N S(c-c)2 N = 2.58 =12.91 Standard deviations

  13. Reading Mean = 75 Mode = none Median = 75 Range = 40 Standard deviation = 12.91 Arithmetic Mean = 75 Mode = none Median = 75 Range = 8 Standard deviation = 2.58 Completed Calculations

  14. Normal Distributions • The “bell curve” • Mean, median, mode all at the center of the curve • 50% of scores above the mean • 50% of scores below the mean

  15. Normal Distribution with Standard Deviations Percent of the population 34% 34% 2% 2% 14% 14% 0 -3SD -2SD -1SD +1SD +2SD +3SD Standard Deviation Units

  16. Types of Scores • Percentile rank • Grade-equivalent • Standard scores • z scores • Tscores • Stanine scores

  17. Interpreting Test Scores • Reliability • True score • Standard error • Confidence intervals • Validity

  18. Types of Standardized Tests • Achievement Tests • Measure previous learning • Diagnostic Tests • Identify strengths and weaknesses • Aptitude Tests • Measure abilities

  19. Issues in Testing • Widespread testing • Accountability and high stakes testing

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