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Water-borne Pathogens

Water-borne Pathogens. More than just diarrhea. What kind of Pathogens can we find in water. Virus (indirect by mulitplication of mosquitos- Dengue and Yellow Fever) Bacterial Typhoid Fever Cholera Protozoal Entamoeba (Ameboid dysentary) Giardia Cryptosporidium.

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Water-borne Pathogens

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  1. Water-borne Pathogens More than just diarrhea

  2. What kind of Pathogens can we find in water • Virus (indirect by mulitplication of mosquitos- Dengue and Yellow Fever) • Bacterial • Typhoid Fever • Cholera • Protozoal • Entamoeba (Ameboid dysentary) • Giardia • Cryptosporidium

  3. What water is safe to drink? • Ocean Water? • Lake/Pond Water? • Pristine Mountain Stream Water?

  4. Why we don’t drink Lake/Pond Water • Chemical Run-off • Direct dumping of pollutants • Sewage • Microbes

  5. Remember Milwaukee:Cryptosporidium parvum • Single-celled organism whose “egg”stage (oocyst) gets into the water supply in the feces of numerous mammals • 1993 Outbreak infected 403,000 residents, 100 died! • $96.2 million estimated cost of the outbreak • Median sickness time 9 days • Median maximal stools per day 12 (range from 1-90)

  6. More Cypto. facts • Milwaukee waste water treatment plant to blame • Very small pathogen, 2-6 micrometers • Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective • Viable oocysts were found in ice cubes!

  7. Why not drink Rocky Mountain Spring Water? • No human sewage, but what about those critters that live in or near the water? • Beaver Fever or Backpackers Revenge!

  8. Giardia lamblia • Giardiasis is the most frequent cause of non-bacterial diarrhea in the U.S. • Dogs, cats, beavers and bears and others appear to carry the same species as humans • Acute infections 1-2 weeks • Chronic infections- months to years with individuals acting as carriers

  9. Giardia cont. • Cysts pass in feces and contaminate water supplies • Trophozoite (feeding form) attach to epithelium layer of the small intestine • Causes cells to produce large amounts of mucous, hence diarrhea! • Common also in nursing homes and daycare centers

  10. Diagnosis,Treatment and Prevention • Diagnosis: The dreaded fecal exam • Treatment: Nasty drug known as metronidazole, everyone in the family is treated whether sick or not • Prevention: Don’t drink untreated SURFACE water. If you must drink, boil for 10 minutes or buy commercially available filters

  11. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are zoonotic pathogens

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