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2004.3.5

. ????:Vorstellung???????????????????????????????????????????????????. ?????. ?????,??????????????????????:??(belief)???(imaginary)???(construct)???(institute)???,??????????????:?????/?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????.

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2004.3.5

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    1. ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????2004.3.5

    2. ????:Vorstellung ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????????

    3. ????? ?????,????????????? ?????????:??(belief)???(imaginary)???(construct)???(institute)???, ??????????????:?????/?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????,?????????? ??????,?????????????????,????????????????? ????????????????????

    4. ??????????????:?????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????? (What is bad, what is alien to the ego and what is external are, to begin with, identical, SE, XIX, 237)? ????????,?????????????“It is, we see, once more a question of external and internal.” (SE, XIX, 237) ???????,????????????????????????,??????????????????????

    5. ?????,?????,??????????? ???????,?????,?????,??,???????????????????? ????,????????????????????,????????????????????

    6. ?????? ????:Vorstellung,??????????????????????? ????????????:????,??,das Ding, the Thing,the Real,????????? ?????????????????:???????????--???????????? ??????,?????????:the splitting of the I (ego)

    7. ????:Vorstellung

    8. Vorstellung OED:??image???idea?????mental picture???presentation? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????‘vorstellung???????????????,???????????,?????????W. James

    9. «?????»:??????(objektvostellung) «????»:??????(Dingvorstellung) «???»????????:??????,?????,??????????????,???????????????????????(“the unconscious” 201)? ??????????,???????????????? ?«???»??????????????(Thing-presentation)????????????(object-presentation),??«???»????????(object-presentation)????????(thing-presentation)??????(word-presentation)?????????

    10. ?????????,??????????????(sound image)?????????(visual letter-image)?????????(motor speech-image)???????????(motor writing-image)? ??????????????,?????????,???????,?????????(object-presentation)??,????????«???»?????????????(thing-presentation)? ?????/?????????????????????????????????????

    11. thing ??????,???????????/????,?????,?????--????(thing)?????????????????????????? ??,????????????,????????????,?????????,????????????????,?????? ?????????????????,????????????????(The Unconscious, SE, XIV, 214)

    12. ??????vorstellung,?????/??,??????? vorstellung??????????????????idea,?????????presentation ,????????? (word presentation, thing presentation), ???????????,????, ??????«??????»????????,??????????????????

    13. ??????,???????????????,???????????,???????,???????:????????????,???????????(idea, vostellung)?????????????????,???????????????("the unconscious" 177)? ??????(vorstellung)????????????????????????? ?????

    14. ?«???»???,??????,????????????,??????????????????(conscious presentation, vostellung)??????????????????? ?????,???????????????????(memory-images)???,???????????????(memory-traces)????(The Unconscious, SE, XIV, 201)? ???????????????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????

    15. ?«????»?,??????????????,???????,???????,???????????????(????,???,582)??????????????,??????????(????,???,585)? ??????????,??????,????(??????),????(????) ,??????????????????????????????,????????????,??,??????????????

    16. ?????,?????????????????,????????? ?????????????????????,???????????????????????,????????(???????????,??????????????)??????????????,???????????????????????????????(????,???,650)

    17. ??,?????? ?????????????????????,?????? ???????????????????? ???senses??sense,?????? ???????????????????????,??,????? ??,????????????????????????????,?????????????

    18. ????????????

    19. ?????????????????? ??????,?????????????????????(withdrawal of cathexis)? ???????????????????,?????????????????,?????,????,??????????????????????????????????; ??,????????????????????(anticathexis),???????(Ideational representative)????????(primal repression) (The Unconscious, 181)?

    20. ?????,?????????,??????????????????????,????????????cathexes,?????(word presentation) ????????? ??????,???????????????????????,???????(The Ego and the Id 22)? ??,?????????????,??,?????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????

    21. ???-it, id ?????????????????,???????? ??????????????,????????????? ??,???????????????,????????????????,??????,???????(The Ego and the Id, 24-5)? ??,???????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????

    22. ??,??????,????????????????,???????????? ??,?????????????????????????,????????? ?????,???????????????????????,??????????????(The Ego and the Id , 38)? ????????????,????????????,?????????????????,???????????,?????????(The Ego and the Id , 48)?

    23. ????????,?????????,??????????????????,????????????,??????,????????????????,??????????????????(The Ego and the Id , 36)? ??????????????,??????,??,??????????????,????????,????????(The Ego and the Id , 39)

    24. ?????????-- ?????????????????,?????,?????; ?????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????; ????????????????????????????????,????????????????? ???????????????????????,???????????--???????????,????????????,???????????????????????,?????????????

    25. ??,?????,??????????????,??????????(The Ego and the Id , 55) ????,????????? ??,??????????????????????????????????????,????????????? ??????????????????,????????????????????? Intimacy, interior ???,?????

    26. ?????????????????,?????????????: ??????????:??????????????,??????????,??,??????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????(Standard Edition, XIV, 182)

    27. ????:???????????????????????,??????????????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????Cs (?Pcs)???????????,??????????????,????????????????,???????????????????????????(Standard Edition, XIV, 182)

    28. ????:??????????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????

    29. ??,???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????,????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,?????????

    30. ???????? ????????? --?????????

    31. ???????????????,??,?????????????????,???????? ???????????????,???????????,???????? ?????????????????????????????????Cs?????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????

    32. ????????????????????????,????????????????????? ???????????????,?????????,??????????????????????? ????(Laforgue, 1926)???????(scotomization)????????????????,?????????????? ??????????,???????????,??????????????(anti-cathexes),?????????????,????????????????????,??????????????????????????? ?????????????????,?????????,????????????????,??????,????,???????

    33. ?????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????? ??????????,????????,????????,?????????,?????????????????????????(defense process)??????? ???,?????,????????????,??????????,???????????? ??,?????????????????????????????????

    34. ??????,?????????,??????????,?????(undoing)?????(foreclosure)?????????? ??????????,??????????,????????(??????)???,?????????,???????????????????????? ?????,????????,??????????,???,??????????,????????????,????????,????????????????

    35. ??????????????,?????????????,????????????,????????,????????????:????,?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????? ??,??????????????????,???????????

    36. ?????,??????????,????????????,???????????????,???????????,??????????????? ??,?????????????????,???????????????????????,????????????? ??????,??????????????,????????,??????????,?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????????

    37. ???????????????????,??????????????????? ???????,???????????????????,?????????,?????????? ??????????,??????????????,???????????

    38. ?????????????????????,????????????????????????,???????????????????????(scoptomization),?????????????????,?????????????????,????(tribe)??????????????????????,???????????????????

    39. ?????????

    40. ????????????????????????,????????????????????,????,???????? ???,????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????????????: ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????(ambivalence)??????????,????,??????????????? ??,?????????????

    41. ?????, “Wo Es was, soll Ich werden.”??????,???????????,????????,??????????? ???????,???????????,?????????????????????,semiotic drive? ??,??,??????????????;?????,??????????

    42. ?????????????,??the Real???,the Thing???????, ??????,????????,????,?????? ?????????the Thing,????????,????????????????? ?????????,????????,???????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????,????????,??????????????,???????,?????????????

    43. ??????????? ?????????????

    44. ????????????? ???????????the order of the thing? ????????????????? ?????????????,????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????,??????????,????????????????? ????????????,?????????,??????????? ???????????,????????????,????????,??????? ??????????????????????????????????

    45. ????,???????? ????,????????,??????????????????,???????????,?????????? ?????????????????,???????????????,?????????????,???????????????????,????????????????,???????????,????????????????,????????(difference)? ????????????????,?????????????????,?????,?????????(real),???????(true) (Écrits 114-6)?

    46. ???<???????>???,???????????(the questions of the real)? ????,??????????????????????:???????????????????,???????,??????,?????? “In what could the unconscious be better recognized, in fact, than in the defenses that are set up in the subject against it, with such success that they appear no less real?” (Écrits 118)

    47. Kaja Silverman, “Milky Way,” World Spectators 2000 ???????????????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????????,??,????????,????????????????(Kaja Silverman, “Milky Way,” ) ????????????????????????????????(nonobject)?????????????????????????????????(Kaja Silverman, “Milky Way,” ) ?????????????????????????????(Kaja Silverman, “Milky Way,” ) ????????????????????????(traumatic nonmeaning)????????????????????????????????(Kaja Silverman, “Milky Way,” )

    48. ???????????????????,?????????????????????:?????,??????,??????????????,?????????????,???????????????????,?????????? “What is this truth without which there is no way of discerning the face from the mask, and outside of which there appears to be no other monster than the labyrinth itself? In other words, in what way are they to be distinguished, in fact, if they are all of equal reality?”(Écrits 118, ????,388)

    49. ??,????:????????,??,????????(Economic for whom?) ??????????????????????,??????????,???????????????,??????????,?????????????????

    50. ?????? --???????…… Cleopatra’s nose—If Cleopatra’s nose changed the course of the world, it was because it entered the world’s discourse. (Écrits 123, ????,394) ???????????????,????????,????????? The thing speaks—????????:“I, the Truth, would be Deceit itself, since my ways pass not only through a crack too narrow to find for want of pretence and through the inaccessible cloud of the dream, through the motiveless fascination of the mediocre and the seductive impasse of absurdity.” (Écrits 123, ????,394)

    51. ????:????? --????????????? ????????,???????????????,??????,?????????????,?????????????(Écrits 123, ????,395) ??????????????,??????????,??,???????,????????,??????(the good Judge Schreber)?????????????????,????????????????(Écrits 124, ????,395)

    52. ???:?????????,????????,?????????(it speaks, . . . where there is pain.” (Écrits 125;????,397) ???????????????,??????????????,????????????????? “The truth has said: ‘I speak’. To recognize this ‘I’ by what he speaks, perhaps we should not have turned to the ‘I’, but paused at the angle of intersection of the speech. ‘There is no speech that is not language’ reminds us that language is an order constituted by laws, of which we might at least learn what they exclude.” (Écrits 125, ????,397)

    53. Order of the thing --???????????? ????????????????????????,????????,??????????????????? “the signification is realized only on the basis of a grasp of things in their totality.” (126) --????????? ???????????????,????????????????????????????????????????? “Whatever dialectic it is, this remark cannot shake the delusion of the presumption to which Hegel applied it, remaining caught in the trap offered by the mirage of consciousness to the I infatuated with its feelings, which he erects into a law of the heart.” (126)

    54. ????????????????????,?????????????,???????? ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,??????????,????,????????,??????????(Écrits 126-27, ????,398-99) ?????????????????,?????????????????,????????????????? ???????????(systematic méconnaissance)????????????

    55. ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????,????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????(Écrits 128-29, ????,400-1) ???,?????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????? “Wo Es war, soll Ich werden,” soll: a duty in the moral sense, werden: become, emerge ==>absolute subjectivity: there where it was, it is my duty that I should come to being.” (Écrits 129)

    56. ???? ????????,?????,????????? --the mode of absolute subjectivity, in the sense that Freud properly discovered it in its radical eccentricity: ‘There where it was’, I would like it to be understood, ‘it is my duty that I should come to being.’” (Écrits 129, ????,401)

    57. ????????????????????????? ???????,????,????,?????????! “the latest fetish introduced into the holy of holies of a practice that derives its authority from the superiority of the superiors” (Écrits 132) ??,?????????????????????????,an o-pe-ra-tion-al notion? ?????????,??????,???????????????????,??,???,???????????(Écrits 132-135, ????,406-408) ??????,????????????,??????????????(Écrits 134, ????,408)

    58. “the privilege of the ego in relation to things is to be sought elsewhere than in this false recurrence to infinity of reflexion that the mirage of consciousness consists of, and which, despite its perfect inanity, still to some extent excites those who work with thought into seeing in it some supposed progress in interiority, whereas it is a topological phenomenon whose distribution in nature is as sporadic as the dispositions of pure exteriority that condition it, if indeed man has helped to spread them with such immoderate frequency.” (Écrits 134) “I am quite willing to accept that the ego, and not the desk, is the seat of perceptions but in being so it reflects the essence of the objects it perceives and not its own, in so far as consciousness is its privilege, since these perceptions are very largely unconscious.” (Écrits 134)

    59. ??????????????????? ???,??????????????????????,?????,????,???????????????,???????--????????,????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????(Écrits 135, ????,410)

    60. ??,?????,????? ?????,?????????? ??????? ?????????,???????,????? ???????????????

    61. ????,?????,????,??,?????,?????????????,???ego?????????,????????????????? (A means of the speech addressed to you from the subject’s unconscious, a weapon to resist its recognition, it is fragmented in that it bears speech, and whole in that it helps in not hearing it. In effect, it is in the disintegration of the imaginary unity constituted by the ego that the subject finds the signifying material of his symptoms.”

    62. ????????????1953????????????????????,???????,???,????????????:??????????????--????????????????? (it is the world of words that creates the world of things – things originally confused in the hic et nunc of the all in the process of coming-into-being” (E, 65; Evans, 159). Evans??,?1953-55??,?????????????,??????????,?????????????????(the impossible) (S11, 167; Evans 160)--??????????????????? ??,?????????matter,??,????Kojeve??????????????????

    63. Evans???????/?????? ????????????der Andere (the other person)?????das Andere (otherness)???,?????????????? ??Kojčve?1933-9??????????????????????? 1955???,???????(the little other)????(the big Other) (S 2, ch. 19)?A, a Evans??,????????????,???????,??a?????????????,???????????????? ????????????(radical alterity),???????????    

    64. ????????????????,??,???????????????????????? “the Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted” (S3, 274). “the unconscious is the discourse of the Other” (Ec, 16), the unconscious is described as “the other scene” ??????????????????????????,???????,??????????? ???,????????????,??????????????????A 

    65. Imaginary passion ????????????Imaginary passion???:?????(passion)???????????(bodily image)??????? ??????????,??????????????????????,?????????????? ??????????????????????????,??????????? ???,???????????????????????????????????(Écrits 137, ????,412)

    66. “This passion brings to every relation with this image, constantly represented by my fellow-man, a signification that interests me so much, that is to say, which places me in such a dependence on this image that it links all the objects of my desires more closely to the desire of the other than to the desire that they arouse in me. The object in question here are those whose appearance we expect in a space structured by vision, that is to say, objects characteristic of the human world.” (Écrits 137)

    67. ???????????,?????????????,???????????????????(Écrits 138, ????,413) “It is thus that the functions of mastery, which we incorrectly all the synthesizing functions of the ego, establish on the basis of a libidinal alienation the development that follows from it, namely, what I once called the paranoiac principle of human knowledge, according to which its objects are subjected to a law of imaginary reduplication, evoking the homologation of an endless series of notaries, who owe nothing to theor professional body..” ???????,???????????????,?????????????????????,?????????(the Urbild of the ego appears in the relation of exclusion that then structures the dual relation of ego to ego.)

    68. ?????????????? ??????????????,??????????????,????,????(autre)--???????o (a)???? “That is why we teach that there are not only two subjects present in the analytic situation, but two subjects each provided with two objects, the ego and the other (autre), this other being indicated by a small o (a). ??,???????,??????????,???????????”because the relation of exclusion that operates between o and o’ reduces the two couples thus indicated to a single couple in the confrontation of the subjects.” (139) ???????,?????,?????????,????????????????(Écrits 140, ????,414)

    69. ?????--?????????,???????????????????????????????????,???????????? “The Other is, therefore, the locus in which is constituted the I who speaks to him who hears, that which is said by the one being already the reply, the other deciding to hear it whether the one has or has not spoken. But this locus also extends as far into the subject as the laws of speech, that is to say, well beyond the discourse that takes its orders from the ego, as we have known ever since Freud discovered its unconscious field and the laws that structure it.” (Écrits 141)

    71. Lacan, Agency of the letter in the unconscious, Écrits “Who, then, is this other to whom I am more attached than to myself, since, at the heart of my assent to my own identity it is still he who agitates me? His presence can be understood only at a second degree of otherness, which already places him in the position of mediating between me and the double of myself, as it were with my counterpart. If I have said that the unconscious is the discourse of the Other (with a capital O), it is in order to indicate the beyond in which the recognition of desire is bound up with the desire for recognition. In other words this other is the Other that even my lie invokes as a guarantor of the truth in which it subsists. But which we can also see that it is with the appearance of language the dimension of truth emerges.” Écrits 172

    72. “One has only to read the three essay on sexuality to observe, in spite of the pseudo-biological glosses with which it is decked out for popular consumption, that Freud there derives all accession to the object from a dialectic of return.” (Écrits, “Agency of the letter in the unconscious,” 167-9) “And how else are we to conceive the recourse of a man of science to a Deus ex machina than on that ‘other scene’ he speaks of as the locus of the dream, a Deus ex machina only less derisory for the fact that it is revealed to the spectator that the machine directs the director? How else can we imagine that a scientist of the nineteenth century, unless we realize that he had to bow before the force of evidence that went well beyond his prejudices, valued more highly than all his other works his Totem and Taboo, with its obscene, ferocious figure of the primordial father, not to be exhausted in the expiation of Oedipus’ blindness, and before which the ethnologists of today bow as before the growth of an authentic myth?” (Écrits, “Agency of the letter in the unconscious,” 167-9)

    73. “an exhaustion of the mechanisms of defence, .. . manifest itself, . . . as simply the reverse side of the mechanisms of the unconscious. . . . Can one really see these as mere figures of speech when it is the figures themselves that are the active principle of the rhetoric of the discourse that the analysand in fact utters?” “One is never happy making way for a new truth, for it always means making our way into it: the truth is always disturbing. We cannot even manage to get used to it. We are used to the real. The truth we repress.” (Écrits, “Agency of the letter in the unconscious,” 169)

    74. “But in the propositions with which I open peach negotiations with him, what my negotiations propose to him is situated in a third locus which is neither my speech nor my interlocutor. This locus is none other than the locus of signifying convention, of the sort revealed in the comedy of the sad plaint of the Jew to his crony: why do you tell me you are going to Cracow so I’ll believe you are going to Lvov, when you really are going to Cracow?” (Écrits, “Agency of the letter in the unconscious,” 173)

    75. It is a question of rediscovering in the laws that govern that other scene, which Freud, on the subject of dreams, designates as being that of the unconscious, the effects that are discovered at the level of the chain of materially unstable elements that constitutes language: effect determined by the double play of combination and substitution in the signifier, according to the two aspects that generate the signified, metonymy and metaphor; determining effects for the institution of the subject.” (Écrits, “The signification of the phallus,” 285) It speaks in the Other.”

    76. ?????,???????????,???????,?????????????????????,????,????,????????????Fort-da? “With his discovery of the unconscious – which, he insisted, was a quite different matter from everything that had previously been designated by that term – Freud was taken at once to the heart of this determination of the symbolic law.” (Écrits 141)

    77. “The repetitive insistence of these desires in the transference and their permanent recollection in a signifier that has been taken possession of by repression, that is to say, in which the repressed element returns, find their necessary and sufficient reason, if one admits that the desire of recognition dominates in these determinations the desire that is to be recognized, by preserving it as such until it is recognized. The Laws of recollection and symbolic recognition are, in effect, different in essence and manifestation from the laws of imaginary reminiscence, that is to say, from the echo of feeling or instinctual imprint, even if the elements ordered by the first as signifiers are taken from the material to which the second give signification.(Écrits 141, ????,416-17)

    78. ???????????????????? ???????????”has been turned around upon the subject’s own ego”, “a primary sadism” (SE XVIII: 54-55) “the ego, having gained control over the libido by means of identification, is punished for doing so by the superego through the instrumentality of the aggressiveness which was mixed with the libido” (SE XIX: 55)

    79. ???, “the true function of the Father . . . is fundamentally to unite (and to set in opposition) a desire and the Law” (Écrits 321) “it is not the Law itself that bars the subject’s access to jouissance,” for “it is pleasure itself that sets the limits on jouissance” (Écrits 319)

    80. Lacan: “My thesis is that the moral law, the moral commandment, the presence of the moral agency, is that by which, in our activity in so far as it is structured by the symbolic, the real makes itself present—the real as such, the weight of the real . . . This must have some relation with the movement that traverses the whole of Freud’s thought, and which begins from a first opposition between the principle of reality and the principle of pleasure and leads, across a series of vacillations, oscillations, barely perceptible changes in his references, to something . . . Which is called the death instinct.” (Seminar VII, 28-29)

    81. symbolic debt ????symbolic debt ????--?????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????,?????????????????????,????????????(Écrits 143, ????,419)

    82. “Will we manage to escape unscathed from the symbolic game in which the real misdeed pays the price of imaginary temptation? Will we divert our study from what will become of the law when, from having been intolerable to a fidelity of the subject, it was already misunderstood by him when still unknown, and of the imperative if, from having been presented to him in imposture, it is challenged within itself before being discerned: that is to say, springs which, in the broken link of the symbolic chain, raise from the imaginary that obscene, ferocious figure in which we must see the true signification of the superego?” (Écrits 143)

    83. “I believe that it is in the avowal of this speech, of which the transference is the enigmatic actualization, that the analysis must rediscover its centre and its gravity, and let no one imagine from what I said earlier that I conceive of this speech in some mystical mode reminiscent of Karma.” (Écrits 143)

    84. ??????? ?????????,???????,?????????,????????,????????????human sciences(Écrits 145, ????,421) ?????,????,????,?????? “For truth proves to be complex in essence, humble in its offices and alien to reality, stubborn to the choice of sex, akin to death and, all in all, rather inhuman.” (Écrits 145)

    85. Evans??????(the real)??? ????(the real)???,????????????????:??(??)?????????? Dylan Evans????,?????1936???????????????,???Emile Meyerson (1925: 79; ??Evans, 1997: 159)???:?????????,?????????(an ontological absolute, a true being-in-itself)? ??????????(image)???,??????????0???????????????:???????????????(everything which is real is rational and vice versa)?

    86. ????????????1953????????????????????,???????,???,????????????:??????????????--????????????????? (it is the world of words that creates the world of things – things originally confused in the hic et nunc of the all in the process of coming-into-being” (E, 65; Evans, 159). Evans??,?1953-55??,?????????????,??????????,?????????????????(the impossible) (S11, 167; Evans 160)--??????????????????? ??,?????????matter,??,????Kojeve??????????????????

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