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anxiety disorders

Anxiety: Phobias. Anxiety: apprehension over an anticipated problemPhobia: a disruptive fear of a particular object or situation that is out of proportion of the threat it actually posesSocial Phobia: persistent, unrealistically intense fear of social situationsExtreme fear of scrutinyCan be specific or generalTends to be chronic, especially general social phobia.

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anxiety disorders

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    1. Anxiety Disorders Adlyn Perez PSYC 452 March 18, 2008

    2. Anxiety: Phobias Anxiety: apprehension over an anticipated problem Phobia: a disruptive fear of a particular object or situation that is out of proportion of the threat it actually poses Social Phobia: persistent, unrealistically intense fear of social situations Extreme fear of scrutiny Can be specific or general Tends to be chronic, especially general social phobia

    3. Panic Disorder Panic Disorder: frequent panic attacks that are unrelated to specific situations Panic attack: sudden onset of intense apprehension, terror, feelings of doom, sweating, nausea, feelings of choking, dizziness, trembling, fears of losing control, going crazy, or even dying. With agoraphobia: anxiety about being in situations in which it would be difficult to escape if a panic attack occurred.

    4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD: persistent, excessive, uncontrollable, and long-lasting worry over typical, minor things Content of worry is typical (relationships, finances, daily hassles), the extent is extreme Typical onset is during adolescence and tends to be chronic

    5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD: persistent and uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions), accompanied by the need to repeatedly perform rituals (compulsions) Obsessions: intrusive and recurring thoughts or images Compulsions are thought to be a means to reduce or avoid anxiety Individuals with OCD often recognize that their behavior is abnormal and are apprehensive about it.

    6. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: a continuous state of anxiety following a trauma Reexperiencing the traumatic event (e.g. a loud noise reminds a veteran of bombs Avoiding stimuli associated with the event Numbing of emotion including disinterest and estrangement from others, and an inability to feel positive emotions Hypervigilance, which includes difficulty sleeping, concentrating, and an exaggerated startle response

    7. Risk Factors Cognitive Little perceived control (e.g. authoritarian parenting) Greater attention to threatening stimuli Biological Greater activity in amygdala and neural fear circuit 20-40% heritability according to twin studies Actual threats

    8. Treatments Cognitive treatment Exposure: face the fear Challenge person’s belief about the threats posed to them and the likelihood of negative outcomes Medications Anxiolytics, or sedatives Benzodiazepines (Valium & Xanax) Anti-depressants (tricyclic, SSRI’s)

    9. References Kring, A. M., Davison, G. C., Neale, J. M. & Johnson, S. L. (2007). Abnormal psychology (3rd ed.). U.S.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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