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Cardiac beat

Cardiac beat. Prof.Lammers CVS module/Week. The cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle: the sequence of events from the beginning of one heart beat to the next one. It is made of: Systole: the phase of contraction and pumping blood Diastole: the phase of relaxation and filling .

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Cardiac beat

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  1. Cardiac beat Prof.Lammers CVS module/Week

  2. The cardiac cycle • The cardiac cycle: the sequence of events from the beginning of one heart beat to the next one. • It is made of: • Systole: the phase of contraction and pumping blood • Diastole: the phase of relaxation and filling

  3. The events during Systole & Diastole • Diastole is made of three main phases: • Early diastole: rapid ventricular filling. • Middle diastole: ventricular filling in slower rate. • Late diastole: contraction of the atrium to pump extra 25% of blood to the ventricles.

  4. The events during systole and Diastole • Systole is made of three phases: • Isovolemic contraction: after filling, AV valve closes & the semilunar valves is still closedpressure raise rapidly in the ventricles. • Ejection: when the pressure in the ventricles is higher than the pressure in the aorta/pulmonary artery semilunar valve openpumping blood out. • Isovolemic relaxation: after blood is pumped, pressure in the ventricles decreases & blood will try to flow back but the atrium pressure is higher than the ventricle AV valves openEARLY DIASTOLE

  5. Pressure-Volume loop • Phase I: ventricular filling  volume but pressure is 0 • Phase II: isovolemic contraction  volume is constant but the pressure • Phase III: ejection  volume decreases and the pressure increases slightly and then decrease • Phase IV: isovolemic relaxation  volume is constant but the pressure decreases to 0.

  6. Phase III Phase IV Phase II Phase I

  7. Regulation of the heart • Intrinsic regulation of the heart is by Frank-Starling’s low: Blood volumeStretching of the heartforce of contraction. This is explained by the fact that when the muscle stretchthe actin & myosin filaments are brought to an optimal length degree of integration for force contraction.

  8. Regulation of the heart • Extrinsic regulation of the heart: is by the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. • The sympathetic system: heart rate (+ chronotropic effect) & force of contraction ( + ionotropic effect) • The parasympathetic system (vagus nerve)  heart rate and had minimal effect on the force of contraction

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