Energy $avings Opportunities

1. Energy $avings Opportunities For North Carolina Businesses and Institutions

2. What can I do now to curb rising utility costs? How can I better control utility costs in the future?

3. Energy $avings Workshops AGENDA No Cost Opportunities Break Low Cost Opportunities Break Capital Cost Opportunities Wrap-up

4. Energy Supply - Cost Outlook Source: EIA

5. Energy Supply – Cost Outlook Source: EIA

6. Energy Supply - Cost Outlook Source: EIA

7. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives • Find a leader • Get all persons involved within the organization to participate and cooperate • Identify the opportunities • Implementation • no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) • low cost (operations & maintenance) • capital projects • Measurement & Verification

8. Building SchedulesAffect all categories of energy use • Create longer periods of unoccupied time • Optimize the use of facilities • You may be keeping an entire building conditioned to use one room

9. HVAC No Cost Opportunities • Adjust your thermostat • 70 deg max winter 76 deg min summer • Why? For a business 1 deg = 3% savings • Remove obstructions to radiators, air diffusers, air intakes • Remove heat sources from underneath thermostats • During unoccupied times lower temp in winter – raise temp in summer • Boilers • Reduce hot water temperature • Lower steam pressure

10. Temperature Set-backsDuring unoccupied times • One of the greatest energy savings potential in commercial buildings • Conduct set-backs manually or … • Programmable 7-day Thermostats ($50-$200, manual override, locking) • Proper use of Energy Managements Systems or Building Automation System (BAS) • Winter Set-back Temperature saving; Asheville Climate Example – Typical % savings 60 ° F 55 ° F 50 ° F 10% 20% 30%

11. When you leave the room TURN THEM OFF Optimize use of day lighting Reduce lighting Make use of dual switching Outdoor Lighting Decorative lighting – is it worth the price ? Vending Machines Have your distributor disconnect the lights LightingNo Cost Opportunities

12. Office equipment When finished TURN IT OFF If available enable sleep mode on all equipment Computer power save mode Energy Star power management for computers and monitors Kitchens TURN IT OFF when finished Turn off unneeded sections – (i.e. broilers, griddles, etc. Position equipment properly Avoid excessive pre-heating Full loads only EquipmentNo Cost Opportunities

13. Equipment (cont.)No Cost Opportunities Refrigerators • Do you need it? Consolidate? • Load properly • Keep the door shut • Check the Temperature settings • Freezers (-14 to -8 ° F), Refrig (35 - 38 ° F) • Position properly • Clean the cooling coils • Check the door seals Replacing a warped refrigerator gasket can save $50 per year.

14. Air Compressors TURN IT OFF when not in use Lower operating pressures (2 psi reduction saves 1%) Consider the right application Equipment (cont.)No Cost Opportunities

15. Reduce hot water heater temperature to 120° F if allowable Turn heat off at hand washing stations Turn off recirculation pumps Hot WaterNo Cost Opportunities

16. Buildings Keep doors closed Keep windows closed Involve security and janitorial staff in your TURN IT OFF campaign Water TURN IT OFF when not in use Do not leave hoses under pressure when not in use Water is not a broom MiscellaneousNo Cost Opportunities

17. TURN IT OFFreduce or eliminate idle time Reduce aggressive driving. Avoid high speeds. Maximize use of most efficient vehicles in your fleet Car pool and task pool Become involved in Clean Cities programs Maintain vehicle properly www.fueleconomy.gov Vehicle Use and Fuel Savings

18. Utility Accounting • Track consumption as well as cost • Know the vocabulary • kWh = total electricity used in billing period • kW = greatest 15 minute use in period • BTU = British Thermal Unit • Therm = 100,000 BTU’s • Dekatherm (Dt) = 1,000,000 BTU’s • CCF = Hundreds of cubic feet = 1 Therm • MCF = Thousands of cubic feet

19. NC Commercial Averages Electricity: $0.069/kWh Natural gas $1.50/therm Propane $1.60 / gallon #2 Fuel Oil $1.94/gallon Unit Energy Comparisons Electric Strip Heat: $19/MMbtu Heat Pump: $6.33/MMbtu NG Furnace: $15.00/MMbtu Propane Furnace $20.46/MMbtu #2 Oil Furnace: $15.85/MMbtu Fuel Cost Comparison

20. Utility Rate Analysis • No capital investment required • Do you understand how you are billed? • Many rate schedules • Are you on the best rate schedule? • When to check? • Who to work with? • Can you change operations to provide quick savings? NC State Agencies are saving $650,000 annually through energy rate reviews

21. Utility Accounting • Easy ways to track bills & Use • Go on line to view – Account information Energy Usage Energy analysis • Benchmark your Energy Usage • Tools • www.energystar.gov

22. Energy Links • State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/ • DPPEA http://www.p2pays.org/ • Progress Energy • http://www.progress-energy.com/custservice/index.asp • Duke Energy http://www.duke-energy.com/businesses/managing/ • Dominion North Carolina Power http://www.dom.com/about/companies/ncpower/index.jsp • ElectriCities http://www.electricities.com/index.htm • Co-ops http://www.ncemcs.com/north_carolina.htm • PSNC • http://www.scana.com/PSNC+Energy/Conservation/default.htm • Piedmont NG http://www.piedmontng.com/

23. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives • Find a leader • Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate • Identify the opportunities • Implementation • no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) • low cost (operations & maintenance) • Capital projects • Measurement & Verification

24. Life Cycle Costing • The cheapest initial cost may be the most expensive choice • To calculate: purchase price + lifetime maintenance cost + lifetime operating cost (including energy) = total cost • Compare total costof all products being considered.

25. HVAC Low Cost Opportunities • Programmable 7-day thermostats • Special units for Heat Pumps • Remember 1 degree = 3% savings • Thermostat location • Replace air filters regularly • Clean heat-transfer coils in heat pumps, air conditioners and chillers • Inspect ducts for leaks and missing insulation • Balance air flow in ducts to prevent cold spots in building

26. HVAC (cont)Low Cost Opportunities • HVAC controls tune-up • Boiler tune-up • Survey steam traps for proper function • Repair traps as needed • Radiator thermostat controls • Clean strainers/filters upstream of traps • Up to 5% savings for keeping steam system maintained

27. LightingLow Cost Opportunities Lighting Power Density Building foot watts Categories candles per sf • Offices 30 - 50 1 • Classroom 50 1.4 • Bank Lobbies 15 1.8 • Garage Repair Area 75 1.4 • Bathroom, Stairwells 15 0.9 • Library Study Area 50 1.7

28. LightingLow Cost Opportunities • Clean fixtures and bulbs periodically • De-lamp • Lower room light levels and use task lighting CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) • Occupancy sensors • Replace EXIT signs with LED’s • Replace T-12 with T-8 lamps • T8 lamps offer better performance, more selection, less heat, & elimination of hum • Replace incandescent lamps with CFL

29. Self Ballasted Compact Fluorescents- not to scale T3&T4 Spiral T3&T4 Triple&Quad R40 Globe OutdoorPost-top Medium & Candelabra Base Candles T3-Aline R30 T4-Aline Self-ballasted CFLs

30. Incandescent vs. CFL Cost Comparison Net Savings over 10,000 hours: $63.40

31. Office equipment Specify Energy Star equipment for new purchases Flat panel computer monitors Energy saving sensors on vending machines Vendor Requirement in new contracts EquipmentLow Cost Opportunities Using Energy Star office equipment saves about $50 per employee per year.

32. Equipment (cont)Low Cost Opportunities Kitchens • Replace warped refrigerator seals • Low flow pre-rinse sprayer (1.6 gpm)

33. Air compressors Fix the leaks (a 1/16” leak wastes $667/year) Use the right nozzles Adequate ventilation in compressor room Use outside make-up air (save 5-7%) Equipment (cont)Low Cost Opportunities

34. Place timer on electric hot water heater When it fails, replace gas, tank style hot water heater with on demand hot water heater Install pipe insulation Hot WaterLow Cost Opportunities

35. Buildings Insulation Opportunities Walls Ceilings Floors Weather Stripping Doors Windows Gaskets for electrical wall plates on outside walls MiscellaneousLow Cost Opportunities

36. Miscellaneous (cont)Low Cost Opportunities Water • Showerheads (1.5 gallons per minute, gpm) • Sink aerators (0.5 gpm) • Repair leaks

37. Don’t pay sewer charges on water you don’t discharge • Water/sewer bills typically based on “water use” • Some water/sewer authorities will reimburse you for water not discharged • If you have cooling towers, irrigation systems, or use significant water in your products, ask your water authority if option is available • Typically requires a sub-meter.

38. Miscellaneous (cont)Low Cost Opportunities Vehicles • Purchase most economical vehicle for task • If available purchase flex fuel vehicles • Look at hybrids

39. Getting Started: Energy Conservation Initiatives • Find a leader • Get all persons involved with organization to participate and cooperate • Identify the opportunities • Implementation • no cost (behaviors, policy and awareness) • low cost (operations & maintenance) • Capital projects • Measurement & Verification • Financing Options for capital projects

40. Capital Projects Audits • Available from a variety of sources • Audit should be conducted based on energy use • Financial opportunities • Performance contracting • SEO loan program • DSIRE Web site • Federal and state tax incentives

41. Capital Projects (cont) HVAC • Right size all equipment • Ground source heat pumps • Variable speed drives • Fuel use flexibility • Alternate fuel boilers • Install building automation system • Boiler economizer • Thermal storage

42. Capital Projects (cont) Lighting • Complete building re-lamp • Put lighting on building automation system • Side benefit – reduces HVAC load • LED traffic signals Equipment • Motors • Make vendors do life cycle cost analysis on major equipment purchases • Waste heat recovery

43. Capital Projects (cont) Hot water • Solar hot water system • Waste heat recovery Buildings • Insulate un-insulated areas • Reflective light-colored roof • Building automation system

44. Capital Projects (cont) Water • Cooling towers • Irrigation • Rain water catchments Miscellaneous • Peak shaving generators • Co-generation • Photovoltaic • Wind

45. A Quick Energy Quiz • It’s better to turn off my lights every time I leave my office than to just turn them off at the end of the day. True/ False • It takes more energy to set my thermostat lower at night in the winter than it does to keep it at the same temperature all day and night True/ False • It takes more energy to power down my monitor during the day using available software, than to leave it on all day. True/ False • Fluorescent lights consume (circle one) 1/10 1/4 1/2 the energy of a regular incandescent light bulb, and last (circle one) 2 times 10 times 15 times as long. • A space heater costs (circle one) $20 $50 $100 a year for electricity.

46. Possibilities “We are all faced with magnificent opportunities, brilliantly disguised as impossible situations.” Charles Swindoll

47. Resource Providers… • State Energy Office http://www.energync.net/ • Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance http://www.p2pays.org/ • Waste Reduction Partners http://www.landofsky.org/wrp/ • NCSU Industrial Extension Service http://www.ies.ncsu.edu/ • NCSU Industrial Assessment Center http://www.mae.ncsu.edu/Centers/IAC/ • Advanced Energy http://www.advancedenergy.org/

48. Resource Providers… • NC Solar Center http://www.ncsc.ncsu.edu/default.cfm • Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energyhttp://www.dsireusa.org/ • Energy Star Home Pagehttp://www.energystar.gov/ • Energy Star Training Page http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=business.bus_internet_presentations • Energy Star Computer Power Management http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_power_management • The Food Service Technology Center www.fishnick.com • US Department Of Energy (for vehicles) www.fueleconomy.gov

49. Resource Providers… • DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy home page http://www.eere.energy.gov/ • DOE Comcheck Software download http://www.energycodes.gov/comcheck/ • DOE Best Practices (MotorMaster download) http://eereweb.ee.doe.gov/industry/bestpractices/software.html • Institute of Textile Technology (Service Listings) http://www.itt.edu/Services/ServiceSheets.cfm • Los Angeles County wastewater digester gas to energy http://www.wapa.gov/es/pubs/esb/2005/june/jun058.htm

50. Where do you use the most energy? Source: Handbook of Energy Engineering, EIA, and NREL