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Fire Safety

Fire Safety. The Stats. Fire death statistics 1986-95 throughout the united states 2.1 Million Fires Reported Per Year 5,100 Average Civilian Deaths 28,500 Injuries 9.6 Billion Dollars in Losses. Definitions. Carbon dioxide (co2) Combustible Combustion Conduction Convection.

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Fire Safety

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  1. Fire Safety

  2. The Stats • Fire death statistics 1986-95 throughout the united states • 2.1 Million Fires Reported Per Year • 5,100 Average Civilian Deaths • 28,500 Injuries • 9.6 Billion Dollars in Losses

  3. Definitions • Carbon dioxide (co2) • Combustible • Combustion • Conduction • Convection

  4. Definitions • Fire cause • Fire prevention code • Flammable • Flash point • Ignition source • Ignition temperature

  5. Combustion • Chemical reaction between • Combustible material (fuel) • Oxygen • Ignition source • Rapid oxidation of combustible material accompanied by a release of energy in the form of heat and light

  6. Types of Heat Energy • Chemical • heat of combustion • spontaneous heating • heat of decomposition • heat of solution

  7. Types of Heat Energy • Electrical • Resistance Heating • Dielectric Heating • Induction Heating • Leakage Current Heating • Heat from Arcing • Static Electricity Heating • Heat Generated by Lighting

  8. Types of Heat Energy • Mechanical • Frictional heat • Frictional sparks • Heat of compression • Nuclear heat energy • Nuclear Fission and Fusion

  9. Oxygen Fuel Heat Chain of reaction Fire Tetrahedron • Triangle is out…. Tetrahedron is in… • Consists of 4 Sides

  10. Three Phases of Fire • Incipient • Oxygen content in air not reduced • Hot smoldering • Flame may cease to exist if area is airtight • Burning reduced to glowing embers • Dense smoke fills the room • Free-burning

  11. Fire Hazards • Any • Material • Condition • Or act • That contributes to the start of a fire, or • Increases the extent and severity of a fire

  12. 2 Types 0f Fire Hazards • Common • Likely to be found in almost all occupancies • Not associated with a specific: • Occupancy • Process or activity • Special • arises from the process or operations taking place in the space

  13. General Fire Safety • Housekeeping • Storage & Disposal of Trash & Debris • Containers - selected by waste type • general • smoking materials • oily rags • highly combustible materials

  14. Waste Containers • Locate away from • Heat sources • Space heaters; Furnaces; Steam pipes • Flammable & combustible liquids • Directly under combustible objects • Exterior cans • Locate away from buildings so a trash fire will not spread to the building

  15. Flammable Trash Cans • Dispose of flammable waste in: • non-combustible container • with self closing, tight fitting lid • Oily or Greasy Materials • store in trash can with • airtight lids • supported by legs so the bottom is several inches off the floor

  16. HousekeepingOutside • Keep roofs, yards, courts, vacant lots & open spaces • Free of wastepaper • Weeds • Litter • Combustible waste & rubbish

  17. Types Of Fires • Class A • wood, cloth, paper, cardboard • Class B • flammable or combustible liquids, gases • Class C • energized electrical equipment • Class D • combustible metal

  18. Fire Extinguishers • Ratings • based on use by untrained operator • 8 inch deep layer of flammable liquid • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D

  19. Placement • Readily visible • Near points of entry & exit • Protected from vandalism • Uniformly distributed • No more than 50 feet travel distance to fire for class B materials • No more than 75 feet travel distance to fire for class A materials

  20. Placement • Easily accessible • Free from blockage • Near normal paths of travel • Mounted no more than 5 feet off ground • Large extinguishers (+40 pounds) mounted on wheels

  21. Fire Extinguishers • Inspect monthly - ensure: • In proper location and it is accessible • Discharge nozzle or horn is not obstructed, cracked or dirty • Operating instructions on the nameplate are legible • Lock pins and tamper seals are in place • Extinguisher is full and ready for use • Extinguisher has an inspection tag

  22. Statistics Definitions Combustion principles Fire tetrahedron 3 phases of fire Fire hazards General fire safety Types of fires Portable fire extinguishers Summary

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