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Cool Earth － Innovative Energy Technology Program Technology Development Roadmap

Cool Earth － Innovative Energy Technology Program Technology Development Roadmap. (Appendix). ○RD&D Roadmap

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Cool Earth － Innovative Energy Technology Program Technology Development Roadmap

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  1. Cool Earth－Innovative Energy Technology Program Technology Development Roadmap (Appendix) ○RD&D Roadmap Milestones including elemental technologies to promote RD&D and the direction of RD&D for 21 Innovative Technologies are developed on temporal axis. Relevant supporting technologies are also referred to. Major performance targets of R&D and expected timing of accomplishment ●: Innovative technologies ◆: Innovative technologies described in other area ○: Existing technologies - : Elemental technologies, etc. Italic: Direction of technology development Direction from RD&D toward diffusion RD&D Market introduction and diffusion ○ Introduction/diffusion scenario Major steps to accomplish RD&D goals and related policies are summarized for 21 technologies.

  2. ① High-Efficiency Natural Gas Fired Power Generation 2000 2000 2010 2010 2020 2020 2030 2030 2040 2040 2050 2050 ○Natural gas combined cycle power generation ●High-efficiency natural gas power generation Leap in efficiency Net efficiency (HHV) 52% (1500℃ class) 56% (1700℃ class) 60% (FC/GT hybrid power generation) - Large-capacity high-temperature fuel cell (MCFC, etc.) technology - Combined cycle power generation - High-temperature gas turbine technology - High-load compressor, turbine technology - Advanced cooling, combustion and heat insulation technology - Heat resistance material technology - Advanced Humid Air Turbine technologies Supporting and related technologies ◆Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC) ◆Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) ◆CO2 capture and storage Introduction/diffusion scenario High-efficiency natural gas fired power generation While protecting the intellectual property rights, Japanese technologies, know-how and so forth will be provided to overseas power suppliers to meet the demands of developed and developing nations where demands for power are expected to grow to promote diffusion of high-efficiency natural gas fired power generation in overseas. FC/GT hybrid power generation Hybrid SOFC (several hundred kW～) System verification Demonstration Initial introduction Diffusion ② High-Efficiency Coal Fired Power Generation ●Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC) Leap in efficiency Demonstration plant (1000 t/d class) 55% (600 MW-class commercial generation) Net efficiency (HHV) 65% (A-IGFC) - Next-generation IGFC ●Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) Leap in efficiency 48% (1500℃ class, hot gas clean up) 57% (A-IGCC) 41% (250 MW demonstration plant) 50% (1700℃ class, hot gas clean up) - Next-generation IGCC 46% (1500℃ class, wet gas clean up) ●Advanced ultra super critical power generation (A-USC) ○Ultra super critical pressure coal power generation (USC) Leap in efficiency 42% (600℃ class) 46% (700℃ class) 48% (750℃ class) Supporting and related technologies ◆CO2 capture and storage Introduction/diffusion scenario Verification by IGCC pilot and demonstration plants Introduction as additional or replacement of coal fired power plants (IGCC, IGFC) IFCC IGFC Verification and demonstration of FC system for IGFC A-USC Introduction as replacement of existing coal fired power plants (A-USC)

  3. ③ Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ●Separation and capture of CO2 Drastic reduction of capture cost 4,200 JPY/t-CO2 2,000s JPY/t-CO2 1,500s JPY/t-CO2 addressed by practical use of separation membrane 1,000s JPY/t-CO2 (adoption of separation membrane on high-pressure gas) Capture cost - Chemical absorption, Physical absorption/adsorption, Membrane separation, Utilization of unused low-grade exhaust heat to regenerate absorbent, etc. - Size increase in separation membrane, Successive production ●Geological storage of CO2 ●Ocean sequestration of CO2 Leap in storage potential Pilot study on geological storage Large-scale demonstration Full-scale domestic implementation of underground storage - Aquifer, Waste oil and gas field, Coal seam - Transportationtechnologies - Dissolution and dilution, Deep-sea storage and sequestration, etc. Supporting and related technologies ◆Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC) - Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) ◆Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) - CO2 behavior analysis technologies 地中貯留実証試験 排出源近傍大規模実証試験 地中貯留の国内本格実施 - Monitoring technologies ◆High-efficiency natural gas fired power generation Introduction/diffusion scenario Separation and capture Cost reduction of CO2 capture System Large-scale system demonstration Successive application making sure of legal system development and social acceptance Environmental impact evaluation and public acceptance (including monitoring for protocol post closure ) Establishment of domestic laws, international rules, etc. Others Evaluation of storage potential Reinforcement of international cooperation ④ Innovative Photovoltaic Power Generation 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Power generation cost 46 JPY/kWh 23 JPY/kWh 14 JPY/kWh 7 JPY/kWh ●PV with innovative structure/material Theoretical efficiency 50% or higher Leap in efficiency Module conversion efficiency40% or higher • Ultra high-efficiency PV • such as quantum nanostructure ○Compound semiconductor PV ●High-efficiency compound semiconductor PV Leap in efficiency Module production cost 〔conversion efficiency〕 50 JPY/W 〔40% at collection] 75 JPY/W 〔35% at collection] - Multi-junction technology ●Organic PV (dye-sensitized, thin-film organic) Drastic cost reduction and expansion in popularization ー　JPY/W 〔6%〕 75 JPY/W 〔10%〕 50 JPY/W 〔15%〕 - Multi-junction technology ○Single-junction thin-film Si PV ●Ultra high-efficiency thin-film PV ○Tandem thin-film Si PV 100 JPY/W 〔12%〕 75 JPY/W 〔14%〕 45 JPY/W 〔18%〕 Drastic cost reduction ○Thin-film CIS PV 75 JPY/W 〔18%〕 50 JPY/W 〔22%〕 - Multi-junction technology ○Crystalline Si PV ●Ultra-thin crystalline Si PV Drastic cost reduction 100 JPY/W 〔16%〕 75 JPY/W 〔19%〕 50 JPY/W 〔22%〕 Supporting and related technologies - System technologies (grid connection, batteries, etc.) ◆High-performance power storage ◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS Introduction/diffusion scenario Residential Conventional grid connection Medium-range community PV system Introduction support by public authorities, etc. Market expansion support by RPS, etc. Wide-area PV system Industrial In-building high-voltage connection system for captive consumption Overseas SHS (Solar Home System)*Mini grid Very-Large-Scale Photovoltaic power generation (VLS-PV) * Small-scale system for houses in areas without electricity supply in developing nations

  4. ⑤ Advanced Nuclear Power Generation 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ●Fast reactor Demonstration fast reactor Commercial fast reactor Drastic improvement of efficiency of uranium utilization Substantial reduction in radioactive wastes Experimental fast reactor “Joyo” (O-arai-machi, Ibaraki) Achieved initial criticality in 1977 and operating up to present. Prototype fast reactor “Monju” (Tsuruga-city, Fukui) Under modification ●Next-generation light-water reactor Excellent economics, reliability and safety ○Proper utilization of existing reactors with increased safety - For domestic replacement - Expansion into international market as a global standard reactor - Shift to more effective inspections - Steady management of substantial measures against aging ●Small and medium reactors Expansion into international market (addressed by subjecting markets different from large reactors such as the next-generation light-water reactor) Supporting and related technologies - Technologies for radioactive waste treatment and disposal (including recycling of nuclear materials through reprocessing) - Decommissioning technologies Introduction/diffusion scenario Next-generation light-water reactor LWR Conceptual design and elemental technology development Feasibility study Achievements of development and operation in light-water reactors Detailed design, licensing, construction, etc. Operation of next-generation light-water reactor FR Feasibility Study on FR Cycle FR Cycle Technology Development (FaCT) Project FR Cycle demonstration Commercialization of FR Cycle Designing and construction of demonstration reactor Operation of demonstration reactor Designing and licensing on commercial reactor Construction of commercial reactor (before 2050) 1977 - Operation of experimental reactor “Joyo”  Operation of prototype reactor “Monju” SMR Small and medium reactors Development in international market ⑥ High-Efficiency Superconducting Transmission Several hundred meters ～1 km 100～500 m （Bi-system） Length Several km AC66kV (3-phase) AC66kV-class, DC125kV-class 154～275kV High voltage 5～10 kA (Single or Triplex) 3～5 kA (Triplex) Large current 1 kA 1 W/m/phase ＠1 kA 0.3 W/m/phase ＠3 kA Low loss Several GJ (with current-limiting function) 6.6 kV 10 MVA Transformer ●Y-system superconducting stabilization technology for power transmission ●Y-system superconducting cable ●Y-system superconducting transformer Engineering Critical Current Density Tape/Wire Cost Je>300 A/mm2 8～12 JPY/A･m＠77K Je> 300～500 A/mm2 4～6 JPY/A･m＠77K 2～3 JPY/A･m＠77K - Long Tape, Low Cost Technology - High Efficiency in Cooling System, Scale-up, Cost Reduction Transformer Cable ○Bi-system Superconducting Tape Je～150 A/mm2 20 JPY/A･m＠77K Je～200 A/mm2 12 JPY/A･m＠77K Je～250 A/mm2 6 JPY/A･m＠77K ○Nb-system wire 1 JPY/A･m＠4.2K SMES for momentary outage compensation Supporting and related technologies - Superconducting power generator (including wind power generator) - Cryocooler technology - System management technology - Electrical insulation technology Introduction/diffusion scenario Industrial application cable Underground transmission in urban area Long-distance transmission - Large-capacity transmission Power cable System connection transformer Distribution transformer Trunk system transformer On-vehicle transformer Power transformer For load change compensation Micro SMES SMES for power system stabilization Stabilization technology for power transmission Deregulation, Standardization, Human resource development Others

  5. ⑦ Intelligent Transport System (ITS) ⑧ Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ●Automated driving, Cooperative driving ●Automated driving, Vehicle platooning (highways) （Improved driving method） - ECO driving route guidance system • Real-time fuel • efficiency meter - ECO driving control system utilizing car navigation system - Adaptive cruise control (ACC) ●Traffic signal control using probe data ●Traffic signal linked ECO-driving ●Traffic signal linkedgreen wave system （Elimination of bottlenecks） - Optimal control system on sag in the roads - Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) - Autonomous Merging system ○Traffic flow improvement technologies （Effective utilization of roads） - Optimal route guidance system • Vehicle information and communication • system (VICS) - Parking information system - Optimal leaving time prediction system (using probe data) • Car navigation system - Abnormal situation detection system (using probe data) Supporting and related technologies - CO2 reduction effect evaluation technology and monitoring technology CO2 emission estimation hybrid traffic flow simulation technology, Traffic condition monitoring technology using probe data, CO2 emission estimation technology by driving situation Introduction/diffusion scenario Vehicle control Individual vehicles control Cooperative traffic flow control （ Personal vehicle ） (Automatic engine stop) (Cooprative driving on Ordinary roads) Platoon information, Merging information, Surrounding environment Distant, white lines, host vehicle Traffic signal External Information Road geometry (Traffic signal control using probe data ) Traffic signal-linked ECO-driving （Optimal control system on sag in the roads） (Autonomous merging) (Vehicle platooning on expressways) Development of Communication Vehicle to Infrastructure communication Inter-vehiclecommunications Plan for Diffusion Effect evaluation and monitoring technology, Standardization, Internationalization, Systematization, Public outreach Traveling distance 300 km 400 km 800 km Endurability 5,000 hours 2,000 hours 3,000 hours Vehicle cost (vs. ICV) 20 1.2 3～5 ●Fuel cell vehicles (FCV) Leap in cruising distance and drastic cost reduction - Drastic improvement in hydrogen storage capacity - Reduction in rare metal content, development of Non-rare metal catalysts Supporting and related technologies ◆Fuel cell (PEFC) ・Hybrid vehicle ・Vehicle body weight reduction ◆Hydrogen production, transport and supply ◆Intelligent transport system Introduction/diffusion scenario Active introduction in public service vehicles Large-scale social demonstration Full-scale diffusion of fuel cell vehicles Standardization Establishment and safety measures for hydrogen supply infrastructure, institution review and legal system development

  6. ⑨ Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) 2000 2000 2010 2010 2020 2020 2030 2030 2040 2040 2050 2050 Battery capacity (vs. current level) 1.5 times 1 time 3 times 7 times Battery cost 1 time 1/2 1/7 1/10 1/40 Traveling distance on a full charge 130 km 200 km 500 km ●Electric vehicle (EV) - Improvement of battery performance - Development of post-Li ion batteries Leap in cruising distance Drastic cost reduction ●Plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) - Improvement of Li ion battery performance Supporting and related technologies - Vehicle weight reduction ◆Intelligent transport system - Hybrid vehicle ◆High-performance power storage (Li ion battery, high-performance capacitor, Post Li ion battery) - Alternative material of rare metal ◆Power electronics Introduction/diffusion scenario Public service vehicles, Commuters EV for limited-use Commuter EV Full-spec EV Plug-in hybrid vehicle Establishment of charging infrastructures ⑩ Production of Transport Biofuel ○GTL (Gas to Liquid) ○CTL (Coal to Liquid) (Alternative fuel of Diesel) ●BTL (Biomass to Liquid) Drastic cost reduction and high-efficiency improvement - FT(Fisher-Tropsch Process) technology, DME technology - Butanol fermentation - Small, high-efficiency liquefaction technology - Bio Hydrofined Diesel - Gasification technology • The securing of short rotation crops by domestic product • and international cooperation ○Bio-diesel fuel (BDF) (Alternative fuel ofGasoline) ○Ethanol production from sugar, starch, etc. ●Ethanol production from cellulose Drastic cost reduction and high volume production - ETBE production 100 JPY/L (From rice straw ,waste wood, etc.) -Development technologies for microorganisms and enzyme • Improvement of process • (Pretreatment, saccharification, conversion to ethanol) 40 JPY/L (From short rotation crops) • Development of new short rotation crops • with high-efficiency photosynthetic capacity Supporting and related technologies ◆Fuel cell vehicles (FCV) - Clean diesel vehicles Equivalent emission and cost to gasoline vehicles - Combination vehicles of flex fuel vehicles (FFV) and hybrid vehicles Introduction/diffusion scenario Ethanol / ETBE production Ethanol production from cellulose BDF production GTL production CTL production BTL production Direct synthesis of DME Spread promotion by demonstration Establishment legal system for quality assurance of biofuel Spread promotion of diesel engine

  7. 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Small-scale practical application Medium-scale practical application Innovative glass melting process Development of energy-saving technologies regarding glass melting and forming process Large-scale practical application New heat collection and utilization system New titanium forging technology Small-scale practical application Large-scale practical application Technology development regarding titanium smelting and molding process Development of new energy saving or resource saving processing technologies Increase in the number of key materials, general purpose chemical products, etc. using bioprocesses Bio refinery Increased number of products made from biomass materials Increased distribution of biomass-derived chemical products Water processing by innovative separation membrane system Development of membrane pore orientation control technology Technology to add functions to improve water permeability Development of endurance (pressure resistance, chemical resistance) improvement technologies Practical application and diffusion of energy-saving membrane separation water processing system Carbon fiber composite material technology Technology development related to forming process and ensuring thunder resistance in carbon fiber composite material Practical application in small jet liners Application in other transport devices, etc. Co-production Reduction of exergy loss in industrial processes Co-production of power and materials (hydrogen, etc.) Improvement in compressor performance Steam generation heat pump Practical application and popularization of steam generation HP with increased steam temperature Practical application of steam generation (approx. 120℃) HP using exhaust heat Improvement in heat exchange parts Expansion in application range by high performance Development of working fluid ⑪ Innovative Material, Production and Processing Technology (Glass production process) ●Innovative glass melting process Leap in efficiency Small melter Large melter - Glass melterautomatic control technology - High-efficiency oxygen production technology - Simulation technology - Scale-up technology - In-flight melting technology utilized plasma, etc. - High-efficiency cullet heating technology, etc. (Non-ferrous metal materials production process) ●High performance titanium alloy production process Industrialization of new smelting process - High performance titanium alloy design technology - Molding process technology - New smelting scale increase technology (Chemical process) ●Bio refinery technology Mass production, cost reduction and material conversion of oil for various substances ●Water processing by innovative separation membrane system (Other industries) Drastic energy saving and application expansion - Development of new energy-saving separation membrane materials - Establishment of water processing technology using energy-saving separation membrane (Material technologies and innovative design technologies for energy saving in transport devices such as airplanes) ●Energy saving material and design technology for transport devices Drastic energy saving in airplanes , other transport devices and so forth - Carbon fiber composite material technology - Next-generation structural part production/processing technology - Environmentally–friendly, small aircraft engine - Development of thermoplastic carbon fiber composite material - Technology to enable gradient functions with optimal thermo-mechanical treatment ●Co-production (Cross-cutting energy saving technologies) Leap in efficiency Next-generation coal gasification power generation (A-IGCC/A-IGFC) - Autothermal regeneration industrial process - Next-generation gasification (exergy recuperation-type) technology Leap in application ●Steam generation heat pump - Steam generation by utilization of air-source - COP improvement for low-temperature steam heat pump COP 3.0, 120℃ steam COP 4.0 - Temperature increase in generated steam Introduction/diffusion scenario

  8. ⑫ Innovative Iron and Steel Making Process 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 PhaseⅠ(step 1) (step 2) PhaseⅡ Industrial application/diffusion COURSE50*1 *1: CO2Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking Process by Innovative Technology for Cool Earth 50 ●Innovative Iron and Steel making process - Blast furnace gas circulation technology - Hydrogen amplification technology - Iron ore hydrogen reduction technology ●CO2 separation and capture technology ○Energy saving technologies *2: Super Coke Oven for Productivity and Environmental enhancement toward the 21th century - Next-generation coke production technology (SCOPE21*2) - High temperature waste heat recovery (blast furnace top pressure recovery turbine (TRT), new establishment of coke dry quench facility (CDQ), etc.) - Facility efficiency increase (high-efficiency oxygen plant, power generation turbine improvement, etc.) - Operation efficiency increase (reduction in reducing agent ratio, steel products temperature management, etc.) - Medium- to low-temperature waste heat recovery - Effective utilization of waste plastic, etc. (substitution for coking coal, gasified gas utilization) Introduction/diffusion scenario Process innovation PCI, CNC, etc. Innovative iron and steel making process SCOPE-21 Continuous operation, AI, CNC, etc. Continuous efficiency increase promotion Process efficiency increase Gas holder operation, ACC H2 supply Separation and capture of CO2 By-product gas utilization Waste heat recovery TRT, CDQ, etc. Regeneration burner, etc. Medium to low temperature waste heat recovery Waste utilization Waste plastic and tires Biomass ⑬ High-Efficiency House and Building 2.7 W/m2･K 1.6 W/m2･K Heat loss coefficient Remarkable advance in heat insulation performance ●High heat insulation and shielding houses and buildings Leap in heat insulation performance - Low thermal conductivity insulators - Vacuum insulation wall - Low vacuum heat insulation technology - Vacuum insulation window - Window glass with low coefficient of heat transmission - Multi-ceramic layer heat insulation material technology Thermal conductivity 0.002 W/m･K, Heat transmittance 0.3 W/m2･K (super insulation wall) Thermal conductivity 0.003 W/m･K, Heat transmittance 0.4 W/m2･K (super insulation window) - Light control glass - Solar shading - Development and cost reduction of externally insulation control system ○Highly airtight housing and building - Heat exchange ventilation system - Indoor air improvement technology (VOC absorption building materials, moisture adjustment building materials) ○Passive houses and buildings - Natural ventilation - Utilization of natural light - Heat storage Supporting and related technologies ◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS Introduction/diffusion scenario Insulation wall/window easy construction system Technologies to utilize insulation walls and windows (structure, design and construction) Diffusion of energy-saving housing by financing, tax system, etc. Establishment, expansion and diffusion of housing performance indication system, etc.

  9. ⑭ Next-Generation High-Efficiency Lighting ⑮ Stationary Fuel Cell 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ●Organic EL lighting ●Next-generation lighting Light emission efficiency Life 15 lm/W 1,000 hours 100 lm/W 200 lm/W 60,000 hours - Micro cavity light emission, cluster light emission, light storage technology, optical transmission technology, etc. ●High-efficiency LED lighting 65 lm/W 40,000 hours 100 lm/W 200 lm/W 60,000 hours - Area lighting system using light sensor/human detection sensor ○Incandescent lamp ○High-efficiency fluorescent lamp 15 lm/W, 1,000～2,000 hours 50～100 lm/W, 10,000 hours Supporting and related technologies ◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS Introduction/diffusion scenario Individual houses Creation of initial demands by subsidiary, tax system reform, etc. Industrial Effective management with top-runner method Overseas Active promotion of cooperation to developing nations (PEFC) Approx. 700,000 500,000 <400,000 System cost (stationary, JPY per kW) 4 – 5 million 36%, 90,000 hours 32%, 40 thousand hours Power generation efficiency (HHV), durability * Cost for household products are estimated including hot water storage tank (SOFC) Power generation efficiency (HHV), Durability, System cost 40%, 40,000 hours 1 million JPY/kW >40%, 90,000 hours, <250,000 JPY/kW (*for household use: 300,000～400,000 JPY) Small-capacity cogeneration Medium-capacity cogeneration >45%, 90,000 hours, <200,000 JPY/kW 42%, 40,000 hours, 1 million JPY/kW 60%, 40,000 hours several hundred thousand JPY/kW >60%, 90,000 hours <10,000 JPY/kW GT/FC combined power generation ●Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Drastic cost reduction - High temperature, low humidity, robust development technology - Reduction of platinum content, etc. - Non-humidified MEA, Non-platinum/low oxygen overvoltage catalyst, etc. Household cogeneration For automobiles (auxiliary power supply, power train) ●New direct Polymer-Electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell (PEFC) Drastic cost reduction - Stable anion membrane, Medium-temperature electrolyte - Bio fuel (direct) - Nonmetal air electrode, Nonmetal fuel electrode - Direct ammonia ●Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Drastic lifetime extension and cost reduction Small-scale cogeneration Medium-scale to large-scale power generation - Separation and capture of CO2 ●Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Drastic lifetime extension and cost reduction Small-scale cogeneration Medium-scale to large-scale power generation - Separation and capture of CO2 ○Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) Diffusion expansion Commercial cogeneration, Industrial cogeneration Introduction/diffusion scenario Introduction and Diffusion of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Diffusion of fuel cell cogeneration (commercial/industrial) Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Output increase (several MW) High-efficiency bio-gas power generation Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) GT/FC composite power generation Promotion of international standard

  10. 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 ⑯ Ultra High-Efficiency Heat Pump Cost (vs. current level) 1 0.5 0.75 Device efficiency (vs. current level) (Annual Performance Factor) 1 1.5 2 * Reference value: Air conditioning and heating APF 6.6 (2.8 kW) Hot water supply rated COP 5.1 - Next-generation coolant technology - High-efficiency compressor technology - Expansion work recovery technology ●Ultra high-efficiency heat pump for air conditioning (Air conditioning) Leap in efficiency - High-efficiency heat recovery technology (simultaneous supply of cold energy and heat) - New air conditioning method such as chemical HP - Low ambient temperature addressing technology (including very cold district) - Next-generation ground source utilization technology (Room heating) ●Ultra high-efficiency heat pump for dual purpose of heating and hot water supply Leap in efficiency - Ultra high-efficiency heat exchange technology - Heat pump technology for snow melting - Next-generation latent/sensible heat storage technologies (Hot water Supply) - Exhaust heat utilization technology for exhaust heat from ventilation and human sewage ●Ultra high-efficiency heat recovery type heat pump for multiple purposes including air conditioning, and hot water supply Drastic improvement in convenience and cost reduction Supporting and related technologies ◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS High-efficiency motor, Inverter technology, Control by forecasting technology, High flux heat removal technology, Material/processing technology, etc. Introduction/diffusion scenario Subsidiary, preferential treatment in tax system Diffusion promotion by top-runner program Research and development with industry-academia-government cooperation Information provision to public International cooperation promotion though IEA etc. ⑰ High-Efficiency Information Device and System 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 (TV) ●High-efficiency Back Light technology (LCD) Drastic power consumption reduction Annual power consumption (LCD TV size 52V) 5.3 kWh/year・inch 2.7 kWh/year・inch 1.6 kWh/year・inch ●Organic EL display Energy saving in individual information devices - Larger screen area - Light emission efficiency improvement 70 lm/W - Lifetime extension 50,000 hours (Information and telecommunication devices) ●Energy-saving information & communication devices Drastic power consumption reduction Drastic expansion in popularization - Ultra high recording density HDD - Large-capacity optical communication network technology, power saving router/switch technology 30% reduction in power consumption ●Energy-saving information and communication system (server, data center, etc.) Energy saving for the entire network system - Cooling technology, Energy management technology - Virtualization technology, energy saving network architecture (Next-generation semiconductor devices) ●Ultra low power consumption semiconductors Line width (nm) 90 65 45 32 22 16 14 11 - Heterogeneous multi-core technology - Ultra low power circuit/system technology - Microfabrication technology - Circuit design technology, Transistor with new structure Supporting and related technologies ◆ HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS - High-efficiency motor and motor control technology, High-efficiency DC/DC converter technology, DC power supply/distribution technology, etc. - SiC, GaN high-efficiency inverter Introduction/diffusion scenario Technology development Promotion of energy saving technology development with industry-academia-government cooperation Diffusion promotion by top-runner program, etc. System Holding of international symposium Reduction in social load by IT society, how environmental IT business management should be implemented, transmission of development of energy saving innovative technologies to domestic and international society Green IT promotion council Enlightening and diffusion of environmental IT business management visualization of environmental contribution by IT in the entire society

  11. ⑱ HEMS/BEMS/Local-Level EMS 2000 2000 2010 2010 2020 2020 2030 2030 2040 2040 2050 2050 ●Local-level EMS (Energy Management System) - Application of HEMS/BEMS technology - Organic combined technology with HEMS/BEMS and local heat/electricity supply - Coordination with autonomous local energy demand and supply system - Local area EMS - Block-level EMS - Cluster type (local-/city-level) EMS ●HEMS (Home Energy Management System) - Telecommunication hardware technology - Middleware technology - In-house sensor network - Renewable energy integration - Micro sensing technology - Energy (electricity/heat) storage system integration - Energy demand and supply analysis /forecasting technology - Energy saving technologies such ad DC power supply - Energy saving cooperation and control by living activity forecasting technology ●BEMS (Building Energy Management System) - Application of HEMS technology - High efficiency, power saving BEMS - Next-generation ultra energy saving BEMS - Integrated/flexible BEMS Supporting and related technologies ◆Next-generation high- efficiency lighting ◆Innovative photovoltaic power generation ◆Advanced Li ion battery ◆Energy-conserving information devices and systems ◆High heat insulation and shielding houses and buildings ◆Power electronics Introduction/diffusion scenario HEMS Individual development of communication hardware, middleware and sensor technology Local-level EMS connected distributed power supply, Photovoltaic power generation, etc. BEMS Diffusion of ESCO projects, Development in energy saving businesses such as EPS, Further efficiency and IT development in commercial and household devices ⑲ High-Performance Power Storage (For vehicles) Energy density 200 Wh/kg 500 Wh/kg 70～100 Wh/kg 150 Wh/kg Cost 200,000 JPY/kWh 5,000 JPY/kWh 20,000 JPY/kWh 30,000 JPY/kWh (For stationary use) Lifetime 10 years 20 years Cost 40,000 JPY/kWh 15,000 JPY/kWh ●Batteries with new concept/principle Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction ・Metal-air battery, etc. ●Advanced Li ion battery Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction -Li metal battery, LiS battery, etc. For Hybrid vehicle For Plug-in hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle For Mobile device Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation ○NＡS battery, Redox flow battery For load leveling, improvement of power quality, load change compensation ○Ni metal hydride battery ○Advanced Ni hydrogen battery Hybrid vehicle Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation Mobile devices ○Capacitor ●Capacitors based on new concept For memory maintenance, etc. Automobile accessory assistance Automobile power train assistance Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction Power quality improvement Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation - Electric dual-layer capacitor, Hybrid capacitor, etc. - Hybrid with storage battery Supporting and related technologies ◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS Introduction/diffusion scenario Public vehicles, Commuters EV for limited-use General Commuter EV Full-spec EV For vehicles Plug-in HV vehicle For stationary use Stabilization of wind power /photovoltaic power generation Load leveling Power quality improvement Load change compensation Local-level EMS

  12. ⑳ Power Electronics 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2 1 ●Diamond power device Wafer diameter 410 mm 2 inch 3 inch 4 inch Wafer dislocation density 105 cm-2 103 cm-2 102 cm-2 10 cm-2 - Extension of wafer diameter - Reduction of wafer defect (dislocation density) - Improvement of - ON resistance reduction /voltage resistance ●GaN-type power device 2 inch 3 inch 4 inch 5 inch 105 cm-2 104 cm-2 103 cm-2 ●SiC power device 3 inch 4 inch 6 inch 100mm 4H-SiC single crystal 104 cm-2 103 cm-2 102 cm-2 50 cm-2 10 cm-2 ●High-efficiency inverter/converter - Ultra low loss SiC switching device (normally-off type MOSFET) - Advanced inverter/converter design technology Supporting and related technologies ◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS Introduction/diffusion scenario Si Information devices, Household appliances, Distributed power supply, Industrial devices, Large power devices Household appliances, Distributed power supply, Industrial devices, Automobiles, Electric railway (Switching device) Information devices (Rectification device) SiC Power distribution devices Information devices (Rectification device) Household appliances, Distributed power supply, Wireless base station (Switching device) GaN-type Laser in vehicle, etc. Diamond Information devices – Power distribution meters Hydrogen Production, Transport and Storage Hydrogen price 80 JPY/Nm3 40 JPY/Nm3 150 JPY/Nm3 ●Hydrogen production technology Drastic cost reduction - Hydrogen fermentation, Photocatalyst, etc. - Hydrogen production from fossil fuels - Water electrolysis • Hydrogen production • by renewable energy utilization Drastic transport efficiency improvement and safety improvement ●Hydrogen transport technology High-pressure transport 7 JPY/Nm3, Liquid transport 3 JPY/Nm3 - Compressed hydrogen transport - Liquid hydrogen transport - Pipeline transport - Organic hydride transport Drastic advances, cost reduction, and endurance and safety improvement ●Hydrogen storage technology - Ultra high pressure container - Hydrogen storage materials (alloy/inorganic/carbon-type, etc.) - Clathrate, Organic metal structures, Organic hydride, etc. - Liquid hydrogen container Supporting and related technologies Hydrogen supply technology （Small Refueling station, Parallel establishment with gas station, Local and National-scale hydrogen supply system) ◆Fuel cell vehicle (FCV) ◆Fuel cells for fixed installation Introduction/diffusion scenario Hydrogen from fossil fuels, By-product hydrogen, Water electrolysis Hydrogen from renewable energy (Photovoltaic/wind power generation, biomass, etc). Innovative product of hydrogen Hydrogen fermentation, photocatalyst, etc. Establishment and safety measures for hydrogen supply infrastructure, System review, Legal system development and promotion of standardization

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