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MEASURING POLICE EFFECTIVENESS

MEASURING POLICE EFFECTIVENESS. Bill Bieck. Measuring Police Effectiveness. Implementing Neighborhood-Oriented Policing: The Houston Experience-- Where to start? Political Context Facilitating Change Executive Sessions + Reports + Implementation Reports

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MEASURING POLICE EFFECTIVENESS

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  1. MEASURING POLICE EFFECTIVENESS Bill Bieck

  2. Measuring Police Effectiveness • Implementing Neighborhood-Oriented Policing: The Houston Experience--Where to start? • Political Context • Facilitating Change • Executive Sessions + Reports + Implementation Reports • Department Command Staff Meetings (Assistant Chiefs): change orientation • Command Meetings (Assistant Chief and Captains): change orientation.

  3. Developmental Legacy • Kansas City Interactive Patrol Program • Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment • Kansas City Directed Patrol Program (introduction of “tele-serve”) • Kansas City Response Time Analysis Study • San Diego One/Two Officer Car Study • San Diego Field Interrogation Study • San Diego Community-Oriented Policing (COP) Program • New Haven directed-Deterrent Patrol Study • Rand Study of Criminal Investigations

  4. Developmental Legacy - Cont. • Forensic Evaluation of Police Crime Labs • Wilmington’s Split Force Program • Nashville’s Helicopter Patrol Study • Nashville’s Replication of Kansas City’s Preventive Patrol Experiment • Flint, Michigan’s Foot Patrol Program • Newark’s Foot Patrol Program • Newport News, Virginia’s, Problem-Oriented Policing Study (New Briarfield) • Washington Metropolitan Police Dept’s Repeat Offender Program (ROP)

  5. Developmental Legacy - Cont. • Differential Police Response Experiment (Garden Grove, Toledo, and Greenville) • Patrol Emphasis Program (LEAA) • Integrated Criminal Apprehension Program (LEAA) • Managing Patrol Operations (MPO) • Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) • Serious, Habitual (Juvenile) Offender Comprehensive Action Program (SHOCAP/LEAA) • Minneapolis’ Study regarding Domestic Violence.

  6. The Patrol Function: Beat Design/Reconfiguration • Districts, beats, zones, divisions, sectors, commands, car territories, etc.: What’s the purpose of a beat, zone, district, division, etc.? • MANAGEABLE area, crime suppression and accountability; traffic analysis, ability to impact problems. • Issues regarding beat design/reconfiguration • Type(s) of area • Beat, etc., boundaries

  7. The Patrol Function: Staffing/Deployment/Resource Allocation • Staffing relief factor (SRF) • Work demands (temporal) analysis • Cross-beat/sector dispatches • Repeat location analysis • One-two officer units • “Rovers” • Time management • Territorial imperative • “GBs” and “wolfpacks”

  8. Operations: Patrol • Types of patrol: What’s the objective? What do you want to accomplish? Traditional, random, routine, conventional patrol vis-à-vis directed patrol (DP) and self-directed activities (SDAs) • “Snoopervision,” supervision, or management: Who Works for whom?

  9. Operations: Patrol - Cont. • Administrative: rules, regulations, policies, and special operating procedures • Operations: Utilization of crime analysis information for directed patrol planning and implementations and evaluation; safety and tactical training, problem identification, verification, and process resolution. • Interpersonal communications • Career and professional development and performance evaluations.

  10. Operations: Dispatch and Emergency Communications • Call intake screening • Call prioritization • Call diversion • Evaluation • Misclassification • Clearance coding • Measuring police response time • Response-related arrests • Witness availability, citizen injury, citizen satisfaction

  11. Operations: Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) • Case intake and administrative screening/sorting to determine assignment and establish case priorities (including review of early case closure recommendations) • Assignment • objective/rationale/criteria/ PURPOSE regarding assignment, e.g., individual, team, “kickback,” patrol, or detective(s) • Is rationale regarding assignment antithetical to objective desired? • Is it “take a number” like a New York deli?

  12. Operations: Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) - Cont. • The “GET” system. • Review (relative to case priority) and structured feedback regarding progress and impediments. • Evaluation for possible reassignment, suspension, case preparation for filing, trial, etc. • Prosecutorial liaison • Early case closure

  13. Crime Analysis Goals • Types of crime analysis (including brief historicity) • Tactical • Link • Taxonomical (cold, unsolved cases); coroner’s office • Trend/exception, etc. • Hot sheet • Wanted persons • Known offenders

  14. Crime Analysis Goals - Cont. • Solvability • Elements • Quantifying • Evaluation • Tactical action plans (TAPS) • “Trash-can” surveys

  15. Crime Analysis Goals - Cont. • Products • Crime analysis information bulletin • Crime analysis intelligence bulletin • Crime analysis pattern alert bulletin • Special bulletins regarding theft of unique property, special events, fugitives, etc. • Hot sheets • Field interview recaps • Exception reports

  16. Operations Analysis • Staffing/deployment • Beat design and reconfiguration • Where did the offense occur? • Where were officers dispatched? • Operations Calendar

  17. Traffic Analysis • Minor property damage/no injury • Minor property damage/minor injury • Major property/minor injury • Major property/injury with hospital transport with treatment and release • Serious injury with hospital stay required • Autos collision fatality • Pedestrian (minor injury, serious injury, fatality)

  18. Crime Analysis Administration • Offense form and format • State/regional considerations • Standardized offense report to identify state-wide patterns/problems

  19. Data Needs and Elements: Internal • Offense reports and investigative supplements • Arrest/blotter/booking records • Dispatch records • Traffic accident reports and citations • Field interview, i.e., investigation/interrogation/ observation reports • Confidential informants • Sworn and civilian “in-house” personnel, e.g., patrol officers, records clerks, criminalists, crime analysts, detectives, etc.

  20. Data Needs and Elements: External • NCIC • TCIC • Regional PIN • Intelligence networks and data banks • Crime Stoppers • Other local law enforcement including county, state, and federal agencies. • Local medical examiner(s) and personnel from the district attorney’s office; jail and correctional employees

  21. Data Needs and Elements: External - Cont. • Tracking court “no-shows” • Bail bondsmen • Citizens and citizen groups

  22. Centralized and Decentralized Crime Analysis Operations • Centralized, City Wide: Suspect specialists and area generalists • Decentralized, Neighborhood: Area specialists and suspect generalists

  23. Tactical Crime Analysis Process • Collection • Analysis • Collation • serial crime matrix • external and extraneous source materials • Synthesis • Dissemination • Feedback and evaluation

  24. Crime Analysis to Support Community-Oriented Policing • Cultivating positive relationships through open communications, information, and reciprocity, e.g., “PIP,” etc. • Identifying, defining, and verifying problems; constructing a process (e.g., contracts)

  25. Crime Analysis to Support Community-Oriented Policing -Cont. • Articulating rules, roles, and responsibilities in working with citizens and citizen groups to obtain credible and conscientious involvement and participation • What citizens, and what groups?

  26. Crime Analysis to Support Community-Oriented Policing -Cont. • What’s in “it” for them? Why should citizens work with local authorities? • Citizens police academy • Citizens graduate police academy • The role of the Field Training Officer (FTO) program in relationship to Community-Problem and Neighborhood-Oriented policing efforts • Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

  27. Tactical Operations based on Crime Analysis • Electronic and physical surveillance • Target hardening • Channeling • Saturation • Stake-outs • Zero-tolerance • Directed patrol • Intelligence monitoring • Covert patrol • Decoy operations

  28. Tactical Operations based on Crime Analysis -Cont. • TRAP • Design • Implementation • Simulation • Evaluation • “Auto-Dial,” the Oxnard Model

  29. Crimes Against Children • Identify external threats, i.e., possible suspects that prey on children • Parole records • Probation records • Mechanism to identify and tract chronic, repeat sexual offenders • Problematic families • Runaways • Throw-a-ways

  30. Crimes Against Children -Cont. • Child exploitation • Prostitution • Adult clubs • Pornography

  31. Intra/inter/multi-Agency and Community Support and Organization • Law enforcement INTRA-AGENCIES • Community INTER-AGENCIES • Courts (i.e., criminal, juvenile, family, etc.) • Prosecutors • Probation, parole, corrections • Welfare and health care, including youth/juvenile services, Child Protective Services (CPS), foster homes, Day Care, etc.

  32. Intra/inter/multi-Agency and Community Support and Organization -Cont. • Schools • Medical community (ER) and the medical examiner • Sheriff’s Office/Police Department • Victim’s services, e.g., rape crisis, etc. • ___________________________

  33. “Measuring Police Effectiveness”Discussion

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