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Measuring police productivity

Measuring police productivity. A review of BCU level data. Kevin Marsh. July 2006. Introduction. Project (2005): Matrix commissioned to assess the potential of ABC data measure police performance improve police performance. Presentation Background: policy + methodology

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Measuring police productivity

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  1. Measuring police productivity A review of BCU level data Kevin Marsh July 2006

  2. Introduction • Project (2005): Matrix commissioned to assess the potential of ABC data • measure police performance • improve police performance • Presentation • Background: policy + methodology • Measuring police inputs • Measuring police outputs • Analysis: the comparative efficiency of BCUs • Discussion

  3. Policy background • General public sector • 1997/8 Comprehensive Spending Review: need for savings • 2001 elections: Office of Public Service Reform set up • Gershon Report (2004): specific efficiency proposals • Police • The White Paper “Building Communities, Beating Crime” • Police efficiency plans: 3% cost saving per year (2005/06 - 2007/08) • PPAF: measures to judge police performance

  4. Methodological context • Definition of productivity • Sum of weighted outputs/expenditure • International standards for measurement of productivity • United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA) • European System of Account (ESA 95) • UK measurement of productivity • Atkinson review (2005) recommend adoption of SRA + ESA95 • ONS test recommendations • improvements to health, education, personal social services, administration of social security and fire services

  5. Challenges to measuring inputs • Atkinson (2005): standards for input measurement • comprehensive • personnel • procurement of goods and services • capital • deflated • adjusted for the quality of inputs • Police: 2 sources input data • net revenue expenditure (ODPM, HO, LA) • activity-based costing

  6. Activity based costing reactive / individual proactive/ collective Data available: number of hours (not cost) No need deflate

  7. How good is ABC? Allow distinguish inputs by ACTIVITY and CRIME TYPE • Concerns • ignore some activities • seasonality • self-reported data • response rate: 80% • capital + procurement • quality (grade/cost) • not record downtime • Improvements • increase officer awareness of the benefits of the data • checks on the validity • timing of data collection

  8. How many hours to BCUs spend reacting to violent crime?

  9. How many hours do BCUs spend reacting to each violent crime?

  10. Challenges to measuring output • Activity types: collective (defence), individual (education) • universal protection of public: collective • clearing up crime: individual • Output measures: detection • Adjustments • alternative explanations of change in output • quality of output • value of output (weight?)

  11. Are detection rates related to the time spend on each violent crime?

  12. Are detection rates related to the time spend on each violent crime?

  13. How efficient are BCUs at detecting violent crime?

  14. How efficient are BCUs at detecting violent crime? Assumption: detection rate explained by efficiency of BCU inputs

  15. Does efficiency depend on BCU family?

  16. Does the efficiency of detection vary between crime types?

  17. Does the efficiency of detection vary between crime types?

  18. Does the efficiency of detection vary between crime types? Technical efficiency Allocative efficiency

  19. Does the efficiency of detection vary between crime types?

  20. Does the efficiency of detection vary between crime types? Value of a detection?

  21. How should detections be weighted?

  22. How should detections be weighed?

  23. How do weights impact the efficiency of resource allocation?

  24. Conclusion: how use/improve analysis? • Use: further investigation of productivity trends identified • Improve • inputs: ABC allow measure services provided by police • improve: seasonality, accuracy of self report, capital measure, quality/costs • outputs • detection: broader impact (satisfaction) • collective: define output, attribute change • statistical model (DEA/SFA): appropriate, data? • literature review • project budget marginal analysis

  25. QUESTIONS?

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