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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:. 2.a – Plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology

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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

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  1. This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology: 2.a – Plan and implement investigative procedures including asking questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology 2.b – Collect data and make measurements with precision 3.a – Analyze, review, and critique scientific explanations, including hypotheses and theories, as to their strengths and weaknesses using scientific evidence and information. 3.c – Evaluate impact of research on scientific thought, society, and the environment 3.f – Research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists

  2. This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology: 6.c – Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause mutations and evaluate the significance of these changes 11.b – Investigate and identify how organisms respond to external stimuli 12.a – Analyze the flow of energy through out various cycles including the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycle, 12.d – Identify and illustrate that long-term survival of species is dependent on a resource base that may be limited

  3. Previous LessonExotic Species and the Environment

  4. Question: The starling is an exotic bird that was introduced into N.Y. from England in the 1890s. What do you think happened after the starling was introduced and why? Photo courtesy of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

  5. Spread of Starlings Based on: Campbell et al., Biology: Concepts and Connections, Benjamin Cummings

  6. Question: What are killer bees, where did killer bees come from and what makes them so dangerous?

  7. Killer bees are hybrids of European bees and African bees Hybrids formed in wilds of Brazil due to an accident Killer bees have migrated from Brazil to the U.S. Based on: Scientific American, December 1993

  8. Killer bees are more aggressive than European bees, so more stings per minute Photo courtesy of Texas Department of Transportation

  9. Question: Why are fire ants so devastating to wildlife? What biological control method is being researched?

  10. Fire ants kill ground dwelling wildlife that have not evolved to be resistant

  11. Phorid Fly From: Agricultural Research Service, USDA Photo by Sanford Porter From Fort Worth Star-Telegram

  12. Today’s LessonOzone Hole and Global Warming

  13. Overview of Lesson • CFCs and the ozone hole • UV and cancer • Carbon dioxide and the • greenhouse effect • Evidence for global warming? • Future effects of global warming

  14. The public was • slow to accept the • ozone hole • Some called the • theory of an ozone • hole “balderdash” • and “poppycock” From: Science, Vol. 260, 11 June 1993

  15. Ozone hole over Antarctica Ozone hole has been occurring since early 1980s Based on: Mader, C., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill

  16. How CFCs destroy ozone Chlorine from CFCs rip apart ozone molecules From: Time, October 19, 1987

  17. Significance of the ozone hole

  18. Overview of Lesson • CFCs and the ozone hole • UV and cancer • Carbon dioxide and the • greenhouse effect • Evidence for global warming? • Future effects of global warming

  19. Tans are the skin’s response to DNA damage from UVB Photo courtesy of Texas Department of Transportation Based on: Scientific American, July 1996

  20. Moles and Melanomas • Melanomas or caused by UVB damage to DNA of • melanocytes • Recognized by irregular borders, being mottled, an • uneven surface and a diameter larger than a pencil Based on: Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide, 1999

  21. Melanomas are associated with severe sunburns when young From: Scientific American, July 1996

  22. -International agreement to phase out CFCs -Reduction of CFCs is working From: Nature, December 7, 2000

  23. Overview of Lesson • CFCs and the ozone hole • UV and cancer • Carbon dioxide and the • greenhouse effect • Evidence for global warming? • Future effects of global warming

  24. Global Warming Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill

  25. Carbon Cycle Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill Unnatural carbon flow

  26. Use of fossil fuel alters carbon cycle and produces carbon dioxide Photo courtesy of Texas Park and Wildlife Department Photos courtesy of Texas Department of Transportation

  27. Deforestation converts wood to carbon dioxide • Forest are cleared for biofuel crops?? C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O Photo courtesy of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

  28. Overview of Lesson • CFCs and the ozone hole • UV and cancer • Carbon dioxide and the • greenhouse effect • Evidence for global warming? • Future effects of global warming

  29. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Based on: Scientific American, April 1989

  30. Global Temperature Change Based on: Scientific American, April 1989

  31. Evidence for Temperature Change • All hottest years on record since 2001 • The 20th century’s 10 warmest • years all occurred within the last • 15 years • 2005 was the warmest year on • record

  32. Evidence of Global Warming • Glaciers are melting • Coral reefs are dying • Drought is common in Asia and Africa • El Nino events are more frequent • Arctic permafrost is starting to melt • Lake freezing is shorter in duration • Plants and animals are shifting their ranges northward Glacier in Switzerland From: Scientific American, April 1989

  33. Overview of Lesson • CFCs and the ozone hole • UV and cancer • Carbon dioxide and the • greenhouse effect • Evidence for global warming? • Future effects of global warming

  34. Greenhouse Gases • Predicted increases • in greenhouse • gases that could • increase the • greenhouse effect • Temperatures could • rise 2.5 to 10.4oF by • 2100 Based on: Global Climate Change 1992

  35. Temperature Increases Based on: Time, September 4, 2000

  36. Volume of Arctic Sea Ice Based on: Time, September 4, 2000

  37. Arctic Ice Cap Based on: Time, September 4, 2000 Predicted to continue to decline

  38. Melting of polar ice would increase ocean levels as much as 2 feet, flooding coastal areas of U.S. It might take only decades of melting of the ice sheets for this to occur Based on: Scientific American, April 1989

  39. Photo courtesy of Texas Department of Transportation

  40. Why should the U.S. reduce carbon dioxide emissions? Based on: Scientific American, July 1996 We produce about 25% of carbon dioxide emissions

  41. Problem: Seven different models are used, giving 235 predictions of global temperature increases. Many of the predictions do not agree with observed changes.

  42. Next ClassNuclear Power and Meltdown

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