Research Ethics Introduction

1. Research Ethics Introduction New patent lets Microsoft give users mind control powers to operate apps with just their brains, no movement required. (TECH NEWS, 2018) Dr Justin Magee

2. Research Ethics Introduction Misconceptions • Barrier to research • To slow things down • Bureaucratic nonsense • PC correctness gone mad • Only for scientists Why it exits • Enable good research • To avoid issues • Protect participants and researchers • Ensure ethical norms, fairness and inclusivity • All disciplines

3. What is Research Ethics and Why is it important? “…norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.” “The Hippocratic Oath” Resnik, D (2015) What is Research Ethics and Why is it important? [online] Available at: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm [Accessed 10 Jan 2019]

4. What is Research Ethics and Why is it important? Honesty Be honest in all research communication. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Do not deceive other researchers or the public. Objectivity Strive to avoid bias in conducting, interpreting or publishing research data Integrity Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. Carefulness Avoid careless errors and negligence; Maintain good record keeping Openness Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. Confidentiality Keep agreements and research data confidential and safe Adapted from Renzik D.B (2015)

5. What is Research Ethics and Why is it important? Respect for Intellectual Property Honour the intellectual property of others. Avoid unpublished data. Always gain permission. Acknowledge others. Never plagiarise. Responsible Publication Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. Responsible Mentoring Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. Respect for colleagues Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly. Social Responsibility Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. Adapted from Renzik D.B (2015)

6. What is Research Ethics and Why is it important? Non-Discrimination Avoid discrimination of others regarding gender, race, ethnicity, inclusivity or other factors not related to scientific competence/integrity. Competence Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise as a researcher Legality Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. Animal Care Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed experiments. Human Subjects Protection Minimize harms and risks and maximize fair benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take special precautions with vulnerable populations Adapted from Renzik D.B (2015)

7. Categories of Ethics

8. Process and forms • Do you need ethical approval? In product design it is possible that there may be an interest in basic market analysis or on product usability survey. In these cases we need to ensure that we avoid any contact with vulnerable groups (e.g. no work directly with children, elderly, individuals with a disability or learning need etc.). Also avoid delicate issues, such as questionnaires around metal health and social or personal issues that may cause distress. • When collecting market analyses data, there should be no personal information collected of any sort and it should relate to demographic type information only. Nothing personally invasive. • In product testing, there should be no safety risk. So testing a user interface function, or opinion on the aesthetic, tactility, ergonomic function of a product is fine. • Procedure for reviewing research projects by undergraduate and taught postgraduate students • Faculty of Arts Humanities & Social SciencesResearch Governance Assessment Form

9. Process and forms Art Therapy focus Do you need patient data? Are you showing ability to design a research study, gather data for the purpose of trouble shooting, or for educational demonstration or for informing the main study? Do not intend publishing any data? Possible options: • Consider a study using peers – Category A: Result in a planning document for a Category B or C study • Consider a study using peers – Category A: Heuristic study gathering data form experienced people in the subject area. Includes qualitative data to inform the study. Includes data from an Art Therapist as a professional. • A study using professional Art Therapists (Non- NHS): Category B • A study using professional Art Therapists (NHS registered): with no patients: Category C • A study using patients treated by an Art Therapist (NHS): Category C

10. Process and forms • RG1a Word Version- Application to undertake research on human subjects • Guidance for RG1a form • Examples of UREC decisions and best practices • Common mistakes in applications for ethical review • RG1c-Risk Assessment form • Guidance for RG1c form • RG1d- Human tissue studies registration form (This form replaces the previous RG1d and RG1f forms) • RG1e- Declaration form for category B and D research • RG2 Word Version - Peer review form • RG3 Word Version - Filter committee report form • RG5 Word Version - Human Research Adverse Events Report form • RG6Notification of a Substantial Amendment -Guidance for RG6 form • RG7Notification of a Multi-Site Study

11. Related Documents • Participant Information Sheet (PIS) • Consent form • Questionnaires / User testing model etc. • Study Protocol • CV’s (PI) • Response to Peer review (RG2 / RG3/ UREC/ ORECNI)

12. Participant Information Sheet (PIS) • Study title • Invitation paragraph • What is the purpose of the Research Study? • Why have I been invited to participate? • Do I have to take part and what do I need to do if I want to take part I the research study? • What are the possible benefits of taking part? • What are the risks or disadvantages? • What does taking part in the research involve? • Will my taking part in the study be kept confidential? • What will happen with the results of the research? • Contact information

13. Consent Form • I confirm that I have received, read and understood the information sheet provided for the above study and have asked and received answers to any questions • I consent to being recorded and transcribed (or f other method- clarify) • I understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time without giving a reason and without my rights being affected in any way • I understand that under GDPR 2018, should I change my mind about being named or my data included, that I have ‘the right to be forgotten’. In this case I agree that I will inform the researchers in writing of my request before (insert final date that this change is possible), after which time it will not be practically possible for the researchers to act on such a request. • I understand that the researchers will hold all information and data collected securely and I give permission for the researchers to hold relevant personal data • I understand that I have the right to skip any question I do not wish to answer (if applicable) • I agree to take part in the study

15. CPD / Training Ulster University internal resourceshttps://internal.ulster.ac.uk/research/office/rofficeeg.phpUniversity of Ulster Code of Practicehttps://www.ulster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/75637/HumanParticipantsPolicy.pdf GDPR – General Data Protection Regulation (2018) https://eugdpr.org/