Survey of the data sources and compilation practices of EU Member States Item 4.1

1. Survey of the data sources and compilation practices of EU Member StatesItem 4.1 International Technical Meeting on Measuring Remittances

2. Eurostat survey on data sources • Issues related to remittances are regularly discussed by the Eurostat BOP Working Group. • In April 2009, a questionnaire was sent to all participants of the Working Group. • Several questions concerning data sources, compilation practices and future plans for measuring remittances and compensation of employees were asked. • 26 Member States and 5 other European countries replied. • A report summarising the responses is not yet available. International meeting on measuring remittances

3. Responding countries EU Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Spain, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Slovakia, Slovenia, United Kingdom Other European Countries: Switzerland, Norway, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro International meeting on measuring remittances

4. Questions Question 1: What data sources is your country using for compiling data on remittances? Please give a detailed description of the data sources and of the methods used for estimating remittances? International meeting on measuring remittances

5. Data sources (1) • No data on remittances: • Latvia, Slovakia and Slovenia (since 2008). • ITRS (banks report for MTOs): • Montenegro (no threshold) • Bulgaria (threshold) • ITRS + direct reporting from MTOs: • Portugal (most banks report transactions below threshold) • Luxembourg (information from banks below threshold) • ITRS based: • Sweden (basis for estimation ITRS from 2002) • Malta (bank tapes available on a monthly basis) • Belgium (updated by voluntary reports by postal system) International meeting on measuring remittances

6. Data sources (2) • ITRS + other information • Greece (MTOs included, travel frontier survey to Albania). • Serbia (MTOs included, net inflow of foreign exchange, new foreign currency savings covering informal channel) • Romania (MTOs and Post Offices, government agencies, mirror data) • Cyprus (direct reporting by MTOs, migration data, wages paid to foreign employees) • Bosnia and Herzegovina (direct reporting by MTOs, for informal channel - panel survey, judgements by IMF) • Germany (no of foreigners, assumption on average remittances) International meeting on measuring remittances

7. Data sources (3) • Direct reports from MTOs • Italy • Lithuania (direct reporting from Post offices, specialised commercial banks) • Spain (outflows: MTOs account for 80%, remaining 20% econometric model, ITRS for geo allocation; inflows: ITRS + estimation below threshold). International meeting on measuring remittances

8. Data sources (4) • Migration statistics • Switzerland (no of immigrants, income, propensity) • Czech Republic (based on labour force survey, average wage, saving rates) • Finland (stock of migrants, employment rate, propensity) • Netherlands (no of immigrants with country of origin, GDP growth) • Ireland (12 new MS: household survey, wage, propensity to remit; other countries: no of work permit) • Estonia (assumptions – 50%of emigrants are employed, 50% of them remit 15% of heir income) • Poland (migration + specialised survey in UK and IE) International meeting on measuring remittances

9. Data sources (5) • Income tax records • Austria (outflows: country specific remittance rate + estimation for illegal immigrants; inflows: stock living abroad + assumptions on income and remittance rate) • Hungary (savings = remittances) • Estimations • United Kingdom (based on historic, counterpart's and IMF data) • Denmark (based on a study, remittance levels in neighbouring countries, price index) • Norway (benchmark estimate of 2004, growth in households' primary income) International meeting on measuring remittances

10. Questions Question 7: Do you have any future plans for improving the collection of data on remittances? If yes, please describe them. International meeting on measuring remittances

11. Future plans (1) • No plans • Denmark, Hungary, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Greece, Montenegro, Switzerland • Household surveys • Italy (improved coverage of informal channel) • Cyprus (extend existing survey) • Slovenia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Belgium, Portugal, Sweden • Poland (specialised survey in NL and DE) • Mirror exercise • Austria, Ireland, Spain International meeting on measuring remittances

12. Future plans (2) • Migration statistics • Estonia (Eurostat data, household survey not successful) • Slovakia (estimations based on migration data) • Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Portugal (econometric model) • Bulgaria (demographic model) • Romania (Eurostat labour force survey) • More direct reporters • Norway (new register of banks, MTOs, post offices) • Portugal • Serbia (more commercial banks) International meeting on measuring remittances

13. Future plans (3) • Other sources • Czech Republic (verify assumptions) • Sweden (ongoing project to use data from MTOs, banks) • Netherlands (MTOs for countries of destination and origin, population statistics for countries of origin, GDP for grossing up) • Germany (4 steps method recommended by Luxembourg Group) International meeting on measuring remittances

14. Thank you for your attention International meeting on measuring remittances