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Soil use in Moldova

A presentation about soil use in Moldova

MihailRurac
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Soil use in Moldova

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  1. Soil sustainable use in Moldova Mihail Rurac, Acociate Professor, State Agrarian University of Moldova http://www.uasm.md/en/ Infinity Erasmus Mundus Postdoctorate at The Departament of Soil Sciences and Agrochemistry m.rurac@uasm.md, GSM: +372 56 17 3874

  2. Content: About Moldova Natural conditions and soils Soil use in Agriculture Current state of soils in Moldova Next step towards more sustainable use of soils

  3. About Moldova

  4. About Moldova

  5. About Moldova

  6. About Moldova

  7. MOLDOVA Geographical position of Moldova

  8. Republic of Moldova: geo economically advantageous position

  9. Republic of Moldova: overview(preliminary data, approx.)

  10. MOLDOVA

  11. MOLDOVA

  12. MOLDOVA

  13. MOLDOVA

  14. moldova

  15. The cellars of the MilestiiMici wine-making plant in Moldova contain over 1.5 million bottles of wine. The bottles are stored in 55 km (34 miles) of underground galleries excavated in lime mining operations. The first bottle was stored in 1968, and new vintages are added each year. THE WORLD FAMOUSMilestiiMiciLargest wine cellar by number of bottles

  16. Cricova – Moldova’s underground treasureIn just 15 km North of Chisinau, lays a of subterran city, a labyrinth of avenues and streets, named after wine types. Cricova’s museum stores the country’s national collectional of 1.3 millions of bottles, the oldest one beeing from 1902.

  17. Natural conditions AND SOILS

  18. Moldova has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the Black Sea leads to the climate being mild and sunny. • We divided Moldova in 3 parts • The North agricultural region • The Central agricultural region • The South agricultural region Climate Signature of Teacher

  19. The North agricultural region comprises predominant heights 100-240m and slopes 5-8% and also in the steppe, undulating Balti flat with predominant heights 140-200m, on the flooded-steppe terraces of the left bank of Prut and forest-steppe Podolski dissected plain with slopes 2-5%. • Soil forming rack is neogen and blanket loam, clay, loess-like loam and in some places limestone. Natural vegetation is represented by oak and hornbean forests, meadow and sod steppe-grasses. Forest are 9%. • The climate of North agricultural region is warm and well humid.

  20. The sum of positive air temperature in vegetative period is about 2750…30900C. In some years it is 1900-22000C, but probability of such sum not exceed 5% years. An average air temperature of the hotest month (july) is 19,5-21,00C, coldest month (january) is – 4,5…50C. An average duration of growing season is 165-175 days. • Frostless period in the air is 165-180 days, on the soil surface is 150-160 days. • An average date of the last spring frost refers to 20-25 of april and the frist fall frast – 5-15 October.

  21. Annual precipitation is 550-630 mm, in vegetative period precipitation not exceed 285-350mm. Hydrothermic index is 1,2-1,0. Index of annual air moistening is 0,65-0,8 (correlation between precipitataion aevaporation). Well-enough moistening during vegetative period is observed-40% year, unimportant drouughty conditions- 40-50% year and drz period withhard conditions for growth and development of agricultural crop (drought) – 10% years.

  22. Central agricultural region,occupies Central Moldavian forest and forest-steppe elevation Codri with predominant heights 170-180m, maximum height 429,5m. Dominant slopes ranging between 8 and 30 percent. Soil forming rock is plogen loamy sand, loam, clay, and their deluvium, eluvium. natural vegetation is beech and oak-hornbeam forests. Forests are 18%. The climate of region is warmand medium humid. Sum of positiv air temperature in vegetative period is about 1900-32000C. .

  23. In some years it is 2200-24500C, but probability of such sum not exceed 5% years. An average duration of growing season is 175-185 days. frostless period lasts in average 175-190 days. An average date of the last spring frost refers to 15 - 20 April and the first fall frost – 10-15 October. An average air temperature of the hottest month (July) is 21,0 … 22,00C, coldest month (January) – 3,5…4,50C. .

  24. . Annual precipitation is 500-600mm, in vegetative period 265-315mm. Hydro thermic index is about 1,1-0,8. Coefficient of moistening is 0,6-0,8. Well – enough moistening during vegetative period is observed 20% years, drought – 10-20% years.

  25. South agricultural region comprises terrain of South Moldavian hilly, undulate, dissected steppe flat with predominant height – Tigetcheskaya forest-steppe elevation - 300m. Soil forming rock is represented by Neogene loam, clay and loess-like loam. Natural vegetation is sod steppe-grasses, and oak forests with pubescent oak and in the South of country-needlegrass steppe. Forests are only 7%. The climate of this region is warmest and baldy humid.

  26. Sum of positive air temperature of vegetative periodis about 3200-34000C. In some years itis 2300-26000C or 3450-37500C, but probability of such sum is no mare than 5% years. An average duration of grawing season is 180-190 days. Frostless period lasts 175-195 days. An average date of last spring frast is 10-20 of april and the first fall frost 15-20 of October. • An average air temperature of the hotest month (July) is 21,5 …22,00C, coldest month (january) –3,0…-3,50C. Annual precipitation is 450-550mm, in vegetative period 235-275mm.

  27. Hydtothermic index is about 0,8-0,7. Coefficient of moistening is 0,5-0,6. Well-enough moistening during vegetative period is observed 5% years, unimportant droughty conditions – 60-70%, drought – 30-40% years.

  28. Signature of Teacher

  29. Signature of Teacher

  30. Chernozems are reprezented by following types: podzolized (Chernozems Chernic – CHch); leached (Chernozems Luvic – CHcv); typical – (Chernozems chernic – CHch); ordinary (CHch); Calcic (Chernozems Calcic – Chcc). Soils of Moldova Signature of Teacher

  31. occupy 118 thousand ha or 3,49% of total area. These soils were formed under forests, consisting of oak and mixed fodder plants and refer to heights 220-240m in the North region and 200-260m in the Centralregion. • Appraisal point of soil as to its properties is 88. Podzolized chernozems

  32. occupy 118 thousand ha or 3,49% of total area. These soils were formed under forests, consisting of oak and mixed fodder plants and refer to heights 220-240m in the North region and 200-260m in the Centralregion. • Appraisal point of soil as to its properties is 88. Podzolized chernozems

  33. occupy 118 thousand ha or 3,49% of total area. These soils were formed under forests, consisting of oak and mixed fodder plants and refer to heights 220-240m in the North region and 200-260m in the Centralregion. • Appraisal point of soil as to its properties is 88. Leached chernozems

  34. occupy 280 thousandhaor 8,3% oftotalarea. TheyaremainlylocatedintheNorthforest-steppepartofMoldova (absoluteHeights 200-180m) meetalsointhecentralregion (160-220m) Thethicknessofsoilexerichedwithhumusismorethan 1m Typicalchernozemswereadopted as a standerdoffertility, appraisalpoint 100 Typicalchernozems

  35. ocuupy 634 thousand ha or 18,8% of total area. Spread in the South dry steppe, also meet in the Central and North of Republic. They were formed on the loess-like rosk at the heights of 135-150m. Organic carbon content is 2,3%. Soil sarption complex is saturated with exchangableCa and Mg, calcium carbonate is observed under ploughing harizon. Appraisal point 82. Ordinarychernozems

  36. occupy 654 thousand ha or 19,4% of total area. They occur on the flat ground and slopes in the South of Moldova and also river absolute heights 40-180m and were formed on the – like loam, mare rare light clays under composed of different fonddersteppegrasses Appraisal point 71. These soils are particularly favourable for vineyarols. Calcicchernozems

  37. Soil use in Agriculture

  38. Evolution of land categories diuring 1812 - 2014

  39. Land owners

  40. Situation AnalysisAgricultural Yield Table 2. Average yield by main agricultural crops (quintals) Source: Statistical Yearbooks 1970-2004 UNDP/UNICEF Joint Programme Support to Strategic Policy Formulation, Monitoring and Evaluation in the Republic of Moldova

  41. Recommended structure of crops for R. Moldova

  42. Arable land on the slope, % Signature of Teacher

  43. 1. Spring forage crop 2. Winter wheat 3. Sugar beat 4. Corn, tabacco 5. Corn for silage, peas 6. Winter wheat or Barly 7. Sugar beat 8. Corn 9. Alfalfa

  44. Capacity of the crops to protect soil

  45. Optimal ratio of different crops on slops

  46. Lets look at sugar beet Summer Summer or fall

  47. Seed bed prepatation Spring Spring

  48. During vegetation Cultivation Chemicals spray

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