Catholic Social Teaching, Virtue Ethics and the Rule of St. Benedict: Framework for Teaching Applied Ethics based on t

1. Catholic Social Teaching, Virtue Ethics and the Rule of St. Benedict: Framework for Teaching Applied Ethics based on the Benedictine Tradition of Catholic Social Teaching John F.S. Bunch, Ph.D. Business Education at Catholic Universities Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN June, 2008

2. History and Renewal of Benedictine College

3. History Growth over last 10 years attributed to Catholic Identity Critical Documents Mission Vision Policy Manuals and Employee Handbook Integrated Marketing and WWW Redesign

4. Mission Benedictine College is an academic community sponsored by the monks of�St. Benedict�s Abbey and the sisters of�Mount St. Scholastica Monastery. Heir to the 1500 years of Benedictine dedication to learning, Benedictine College in its own time is ordered to the goal of wisdom lived out in responsible awareness of oneself, God and nature, family and society. Its mission as a Catholic, Benedictine, liberal arts, residential college is the education of men and women within a community of faith and scholarship.

5. VALUES JESUS CHRISTWe believe in the love of Jesus Christ and the faith revealed to and handed down by, the Roman Catholic Church to grow in a relationship with Jesus by using the gifts of faith and reason to see and do things the way God does �The love of Christ must come before all else.�� RB 4:21 COMMUNITYWe believe in service to the common good, respect for the individual virtuous friendship, and the beatitudesTo demonstrate good will, humility, trust, accountability, justice, faithfulness, obedience, peace, and discipleship �They should each try to be the first to show respect to the other.�� RB 72:4 CONVERSION OF LIFEWe believe conversatio, a commitment to personal conversion or growth, positively transforms life to pursue continual self-improvement, seeking the truth each day, joyfully beginning again and again, hoping in God �Your way of acting should be different from the world�s way.� RB 4:20 LOVE OF LEARNINGWe believe rigorous scholarship in the liberal arts, rooted in the monastic tradition, leads to the discovery of truth To strive for wisdom lived in responsible awareness of oneself, family, society, nature, and God �We intend to establish a school for the Lord�s service.�� RB P:45 LISTENINGWe believe seeking counsel and listening should lead to wise resolution and action to engage all members of the community on important matters so leaders make good decisions �Call the whole community together and explain what the business is; and after hearing the advice, ponder it and follow the wiser course.�� RB 3:1-2 EXCELLENCE THROUGH VIRTUEWe believe that a daily discipline and practice of virtue leads to learning, freedom, and greatness To personally strive for excellence in all things, practicing cardinal and theological virtues until they become habit �That in all things God may be glorified.�� RB 57:9 HOSPITALITYWe pledge to uphold the dignity of every human person from the beginning of life to its natural end To be open to the multitude of persons in the human family, God�s greatest treasure and our greatest resource �All guests who present themselves are to be welcomed as Christ.�� RB 53:1 STABILITYWe believe in a commitment to one�s vocation in a daily rhythm of life following St. Benedict and St. Scholastica To develop a balanced way of life and love for the people and place along with fidelity to its traditions �Never swerving from his instructions, we share in the sufferings of Christ to also share in his kingdom.�� RB P:50 STEWARDSHIPWe believe the Lord God made all things and called them good To care for creation and the goods of this place, our time, talent, and treasure, as gifts from God�Regard all utensils and goods as sacred vessels of the altar.�� RB 31:10 PRAYER AND WORKWe believe our Ora et Labora cooperates in God�s plan to make all things new To always be in conversation with God through prayer and value the dignity of all work and human activity �We believe that the divine presence is everywhere� They live by the labor of their own hands.�� RB 19:1-48:8

6. Vision Building a great Catholic college requires a community-wide commitment to excellence. We dedicate ourselves to educating students to become leaders in the Benedictine tradition, who will transform the world through their commitment to intellectual, personal, and spiritual greatness.

7. College Leadership Leadership Team President � Steve Minnis VP for Mission � Fr. Brendan Rolling VP College Relations for Phil Baniewicz Business School Director (Search ongoing) Presidential Leadership Statements State of The College Kansas City Center for Spirit at Work 2007 Heritage Foundation 2008 Book Chapter � Achieving Success as A CEO

8. BC POLICIES AND INITIATIVES Core Curriculum 9 hours of Theology 9 hours of Philosophical Inquiry Student Life - Service Learning BC Leadership Program Student Leader Training High School and Athletics Programs Leadership Course Leadership Program Institute for Professional Ethics and Responsibility (IPEAR)

9. Catholic Social Teaching

10. Catholic EnvironmentSocial Teaching Thomist Philosophy Department Theology & Philosophy Courses: Natural Theology, Faith & Media, Faith & Reason, Bioethics, Benedictine Spirituality, Christian Moral Principles/Life, Engaging moral relativism & the Virtues, Great Catholic Thinkers; Economics of Social & Public Issues, Catholic Social Teaching (CST) Team Taught CST Class Economics and Theology Encyclicals Application Project Guatemala Trip � CST and Social Entrepreneurship Active Campus Ministry Bible Study Groups Service Learning and Trips

11. Two versions of Catholic Social Teaching Communitarian Alford and Naughton Libertarian Novak

12. Catholic Social Teaching Human Dignity Common Good Solidarity Subsidiarity Community - Organizations should be communities of work not just collections of individuals Human Work � Work is for man, man is not for work Stewardship

13. The Rule of St Benedict The rule of St. Benedict http://www.kansasmonks.org/RuleOfStBenedict.html Mentoring and Monitoring Benedictine Values: Voices From The Monastery -- Anna Falkenberg http://www.osb.org/aba/2002/proceedings/html/FalkenbergFull.html Benedict Means Business. By Dwight Longenecker http://www.dwightlongenecker.com/Content/Pages/Articles/CurrentEvents/BenedictMeansBusiness.asp Can the Rule of St Benedict Provide an Ethical Framework for a Contemporary Theology of Work? http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/02/95/68/TredgetTheologyofWork.pdf  The Benedictine Tradition See Recommended Book List at the end of this presentation. Benedictine Education and Pedagogy Documents from the ABCU http://www.abcu.info/ Conference on Ben. Pedagogy at Benedictine Univ. http://www.ben.edu/programs/centers_institutes/cmi/

14. Key Elements of the Rule Universal and ecumenical (catholic) Oblate Tradition (4/1 ratio) Emphasis on Community Key Themes Obedience Listening and Humility (subsidiarity) Stewardship Vocation Stability � Order and Balance Hospitality and Sharing

15. Living the Rule of St. Benedict Begin with a strong foundation � Stability, Obedience, Conversion Stable practices lead to accomplishments Listening and discernment required to understand what is truly consistent with the common good People are your most valuable resource Balance between discipline and charity/mercy/forgiveness Treat all your material resources as gifts from God Stewardship Transform yourself to transform your workplace Living as an example to others

16. BC Application of the Rule Reflection Assignments Intro to Business Introduction to Excellence Introduction to Leadership Team and Leaders Business Ethics Business Practice and Social Responsibility Leadership Courses

17. BC LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS

18. Benedictine Leadership Programs Student Life 21 Day Immersion Leadership Program Athletic Leadership Conference High School College Courses Introduction to Leadership & Excellence Teams and Leaders Leadership Certification proposal 4 level sequence of courses and mentored service learning experiences.

19. Characteristics of Benedictine Leadership(From BC Intro to Leadership Course) Place of Christ � teach according to His instruction The Leader is responsible for the flock yielding no profit Lead by example more than words - � and give the commandments to receptive disciples with words Avoid all favoritism (show equal love) Change the ranks of others as you see fit, as JUSTICE demands - Lead others according to where they are in the journey Use argument � with the undisciplined and restless Use Appeal (to greater virtue) � with the obedient and docile Use reproof and rebuke� for the negligent and disdainful (cut out the sins while you can) More is expected to which more has been entrusted Keep the flock from dwindling, rejoice when it increasesDo not show too great of concern for the fleeting/temporal things, rather seek first the kingdom of God No EXCUSES (lack of resources, etc.)

20. INSTITUTE FOR PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND RESPONSIBILITY � will be established as the home for applied ethics programs and projects within Benedictine College including curriculum development and ongoing college activities in the area of applied ethics and ethical practice in business and the professions.

21. IPEAR Vision The Institute will foster programs and research that highlight virtue ethics and values derived from the Rule of St. Benedict and Catholic Social Teaching, the importance of character, and the social responsibilities of business and professional leadership. The Institute will develop a model of practice which will be used to frame the its publication and extension activities targeted at relevant stakeholder communities. It will also serve as a bridge between the professional communities our graduates work in, our faculty as a learning and research community, and the discovery learning community of our students.

22. Foundation Concepts

23. KEY ELEMENTS Professionalism Virtue Ethics Catholic Social Teaching

24. Propositions Goal is to communicate and reinforce virtuous values, attitudes, and behavior Survey courses of ethical theories lead to ambiguous messages (Greed is good?) Focus on �cautionary� tales of unethical behavior and on ethical dilemmas undermine the virtue message and reinforce ethical cynicism

25. Propositions (Continued) Active �discovery� learning, reflective practice (discernment), and positive modeling are the best tools to teach virtuous values, attitudes, and behavior The development of �Aspirational Images� of personal behavior and institutional social responsibilities are positive substitutes for duty or rule based compliance ethics The Teaching framework should reflect Catholic and Benedictine values and traditions

26. Propositions (Continued) The Teaching Framework should allow for inclusion of disciple specific material and academic freedom given shared pedagogy and foundational elements

27. Professionalism Professionalism is a state of mind that can be applied to any occupation or work activity Work in community that enhances the common good. Core Elements: Expertise and ability developed based on diligent practice Beneficence : Service to the common good of others � clients and the public at large (community) Respect for the autonomy and free choice of clients and employees (within community subsidiarity)

28. Aspirational Models of Virtuous Behavior Individual Organizational/Institutional Societal Professional (Practices)

29. Examples of Applied Virtue Ethics Accounting (Duska and Duska, VanZante et al.) Biotechnology (Calkins, Sandier) Education ( Rice) Finance and Accounting (Dobson) Human Resource Management (Schumann) Nursing ( Begley) Medicine (Gardiner) Management (Solomon) Legal Studies (Atkinson) Military Leadership ( Pfaff, Tiel)

30. Virtue Ethics v Compliance Virtues Questions What values/virtues do I aspire to be known for? How do I act these values/virtues out in this situation? What do my professional standards call for me to do in this situation? (note profit not the question here)

31. Compliance Questions What do I have to do to stay legal? What industry standards are relevant to the situation? What do I have to do to comply to professional standards for licensure or certification? What company policies pertain to the situation? What do I have to do to stay compliant with company policy? Do company policies conflict with values/professional ethics or with other compliance frameworks?

32. The Curriculum Development Project Integrating Catholic Social Teaching into the economics curriculum: Integrative Curriculum Development Project. Dr. Richard Coronado and Prof. David Harris. Economics Department. MA398 Ethics in a Digital World. 3 Cr. Course Development Project. Sr. Linda Herndon, Ph.D. Mathematics Department. S0398 Law and Society. 3 Cr. Course Development Project. Kevin M. Bryant, Ph.D., Department of Sociology. MC398 Media Law and Ethics. 3Cr. Course Development Project. Dr. Kevin Page. Department of Mass Communications. RS398 Christian Bioethics. Teaching Module � Support for Guest Speaker - Dr. Ron Ferris. Prof. John Rziha. Department of Religious Studies. BA455 Business Ethics. Dr. John Bunch. Business Administration.

33. Other Activities Ethics, Decision Making and Your Career � A Workshop for High School and College Students. Attended by 60 high school students, 10 local business leaders, an 11 BC Sife Students. CEU Ethics Training program for Insurance Agents Speaker Series Hospital Management Training Program

34. I-PEAR STRUCTURE I-PEAR Coordinator Program Development Committee (2-3 Faculty) Sponsored Course (Project) Cohort (3-6 Faculty) Institutional Sponsors (Seeking)

35. I-PEAR FELLOWS Faculty Fellows: Requirements � Faculty member at Benedictine College, Have an interest in professional ethics and responsibility. (All sponsored faculty become a I-PEAR Faculty Fellow.) Responsibilities � Attend I-PEAR Retreats, Sponsor PEAR Discovery projects, think synergistically! External Fellows: Requirements � Be nominated by a Faculty Fellow. Be interested in professional ethics and responsibility. Responsibilities -- Attend I-PEAR Retreats, Help to identify funding opportunities, Mentor PEAR Discovery Projects, Internships, RFP�s etc.

36. Activity Areas Center Operations Fellows Retreats and Discussions Proposal and grant development On Campus Focus Curriculum and Course Development Collaborative teaching and research projects Community and Professional Focus Training Consulting Research

37. Campus Wide Programs and Activities Curriculum Development Project Student Research and Service Learning Student research fellows Discovery project proposals IPEAR Interns Integrity and Honor project Plagiarism workshop Ethics and Values Workshop High School, College, and Professional Community

38. Community Programs Center for Faith and Work Speaker series and training workshops Sponsored events

39. Service and Consulting Projects Virtue Ethics Ethical Codes and Credos Social Responsibility and Ethics Audits Professional Retreats Contemplation and Discernment

40. Virtue and Applied Ethics Generic Course Outline

41. Course Outline Weeks 1-4 Foundations What it means to be �moral� What it means to be �professional� Professional as a state of mind not a particular occupation Catholic and Benedictine traditions

42. Course Outline Weeks 5-8 Virtue Ethics Character and the concept of Virtue The Cardinal (Aristotle) and Christian (Aquinas) Virtues Presentation/Discussion of virtuous hero/heroine stories Individual aspirational statements of virtuous living The importance of habits and habit development Self improvement project

43. Course Outline Weeks 9-12 Discipline Aspirations Professional Virtues Presentation/discussion of published lists of Discipline specific virtues Institutional Virtues Contributions of Discipline related institutions to the Common Good DERIVED from Foundation concepts Discipline specific codes of ethics and conduct Comparison of existing standards to the derived institutional virtues

44. Course Outline Weeks 12-15 Discipline related issues and controversies Weeks 13-15 Example Course: BA398B Sustainable Development in Impoverished Economies. �Economics at the Bottom of the Pyramid.�

45. Examples: Business Ethics Courses

46. EMBA (9 half day Sessions) 1: Introduction to BPCSR � Spirituality and Business. Faith and Fortune Chapter Review (15) 2:Virtue Ethics, Catholic Social Teaching, Religion, and Business. Internet Discussion - Rule of St Benedict (10) Faith and Business Practice Statement (25) 3. Individual Morality, Leadership and ethical Behavior Your Personal Code of Ethics (50) 4Organizational Design to promote Ethical Practice Case Analysis (25) 5. Corporate Governance, Regulatory and Compliance Requirements Company Ethics Policy and Practice Audit (50) 6: CSR, Stakeholders Theory, and Social Auditing Company CSR Statement Review & Audit (50) 7: SRI, Philanthropy, Marketing, and Environmental Sustainability Social Responsibility Investment (10) Green Practice Audit (25) 8: International Business, Global Ethics, Social Entrepreneurship, Economic Development Immigration Reform Position Analysis (25). 9 Final paper (100)

47. Undergraduate Business Ethics Topic Sequence: Introduction Current Events Discussion. Foundation Concepts The purpose of business & Common Good Ethical Theory in Business Personal Codes and Values Ethical Dilemma and Decision Case Analysis Example Virtues and Values Virtues, Values and Spirituality Virtues and Practices Case Analysis Job Design Just Wages and Human Resource Mgmt Marketing and Ethics Case discussion Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Citizenship Ethical Reasoning and Corporate Programs Regulation, Sarbox and Beyond Federal Sentencing Guidelines Social Audits and Internal Ethics Programs SAIP Example Virtue Project discussion Globalization and International Business �Environmental Issues EPA and Environmental Regulation Sustainable Business Practice Social Enterprise - Private Initiatives for Common Good BOP, Micro-finance, and Business for World Benefit PRESENTATIONS

48. Key Assignments Personal Values Statement and Ethical Crisis Plan Virtue Development Project Plan, Implement, Reflect Reflection on the Rule Team Semester Project

49. Quotes from Students on The Application of the Rule In the time that it took for me to graduate and come full circle to this very interesting place called Atchison, KS. I have made it a point to read the Rule at least once a year, but often more like three or four.�You might think that I do this because I am, in many respects a Missionary for the Catholic Church, and �That�s just what missionaries do!��Actually, though in part true, I have read the Rule of St. Benedict more as a business instructional than a spiritual classic.�Every year, before my new team arrives, I delve into his thoughts on leadership, self-sacrifice, dedication, good works, prayer, and servant leadership.�Less I forget, Benedict also enjoyed festivity in its proper place! Chapter 5 �On Obedience� As I learned from the reading, the root of the word obedience is �to listen�.� Listening is an essential quality for a great leader or manager.� If the person in charge exhibits a great ability to listen to others then that should trickle down to everyone in the company.� Listen to the needs of the consumer, listen to the needs of your employees, and listen to the ever changing economy and market.� The traditional definition of obedience is also essential in the success of a company.� Feeling a commitment to making your company work and doing whatever it takes and doing whatever is best for the company.

50. Quotes from Students on Virtue Development Project I learned how to thoroughly evaluate a situation through case analysis. I learned many virtues� and ways to maintain them through the virtue plan. The most important thing I learned� was to make some changes on my virtue of meekness. Before I never really sat down and thought about how I acted/reacted to problems� The most important thing I learned� was when we did the virtue paper. I did mine on generosity and because of it I was actually able to admit to myself I have a problem being generous�.

51. Challenges to Consider Common understanding of CST and Benedictine Traditions Faculty Development Walking the Talk as a Community Faculty retention Side effects of success (All Souls Invocation) Subsidiary and Action CST in the Business Program Applications in traditional functional Areas Finance, Economics, Accounting, Marketing ONGOING Development of Faculty and Adjuncts Coordination with �Liberal Arts� Faculty

52. Questions and Discussion

53. Rule of St. Benedict References Chittister, Joan, O.S.B. The Rule of Saint Benedict: Insight for the Ages. New York: Crossroads, 1992, 2002. Canham, Elizabeth. Heart Whispers: Benedictine Wisdom for Today. Nashville: Upper Room Books, 1999. (Study guide available) de Waal, Esther. Living with Contradiction: Reflections on the Rule of Saint Benedict. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1989. de Waal, Esther. Life-Giving Way: A Commentary on the Rule of Saint Benedict. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1995. de Waal, Esther. Seeking God: The Way of St. Benedict (Collegeville, MN; Liturgical Press, 1984, 2002. Dollard, Kit; Anthony Marett-Crosby, and Abbot Timothy Wright. Doing Business With Benedict: The Rule of Saint Benedict and Business Management: A Conversation. Continuum International Publishing Group; 2003. Galbraith, Craig S. and Galbraith, Oliver III. The Benedictine Rule of Leadership: Classic Management Secrets You Can Use Today. Adams Media Corporation; 2004. Homan, Daniel and Lonni Collins Pratt, A Balanced Life: An Ancient Monk�s Insights for a Balanced Life. Chicago: Loyola UP, 2000 Homan, Daniel and Lonni Collins Pratt. Radical Hospitality. Benedict�s Way of Love. Brewster, MA: Paraclete, 2002. Kardong, Terrence, O.S.B. Benedictines. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1988. Norris, Kathleen. The Cloister Walk. New York: Riverhead, 1996. OkHolm, Swnnia. Monk Habits for Everyday People: Benedictine Spirituality for Protestants. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2007 Skrabec, Quentin R. St. Benedict's Rule for Business Success. Purdue University Press, 2003. Stewart, Columba, O.S.B. Prayer and Community. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999. Tinsley, Ambrose, O.S.B. Pax: The Benedictine Way. Dublin: Columba, 1994. Tvedten, Benet, O.S.B. The View from a Monastery. New York: Riverhead, 1999. Tvedten, Beret, O.S.B. How to Be a Monastic And Not Leave Your Day Job: An Invitation to Oblate Life. Brewster, MA.: Paraclete Press. 2006. Vest, Norvene. Friend of the Soul: A Benedictine Spirituality of Work. Cambridge, MA: Cowley, 1997.