EMBEDDED SYSTEM-2

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEM

2. CONTENT • WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM • CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM • APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM • HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM

3. What is an Embedded System? • An embedded system is combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function. • It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. • Modern embedded systems are often based on Microcontrollers (i.e.) CPUs with integrated memory or peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors(using external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are also common, especially in more-complex systems.

4. WHAT IS INSIDE THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM? HARDWARE SOFTWARE APPLICATION OS DEVICE DRIVERS • CPU • MEMORY • I/O DEVICES

5. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

6. Examples of Embedded Systems Embedded Systems control many of the Common devices in use today, like- • Digital watches • Traffic lights • Printers • Mobile phones • Medical equipments • MP3 Players • Robots • Routers • Climate control in automobiles, etc.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF MICRO CONTROLLER SOPHISTICATED STAND ALONE NETWORKED MEDIUM SCALE REAL TIME SMALL SCALE

8. BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT 1.REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM Real-time embedded systems are defined as those systems in which the correctness of the system depends not only on the logical result of computation, but also on the time at which the results are produced. • Hard real-time systems (e.g.Avionic control). • Firm real-time systems(e.g.,Banking). • Soft real-time systems(e.g.,Video on demand).

9. 2.STAND ALONE EMBEDDED SYSTEM • A standalone device is able to function independently of other hardware. This means it is not integrated into another device. • It takes the input from the input ports either analog or digital and processes, calculates and converts the data and gives the resulting data through the connected device-Which either controls, drives and displays the connected devices. • For example, a TiVo box that can record television programs , mp3 players are standalone devices.

10. 3.NETWORK EMBEDDED SYSTEM • These types of embedded systems are related to a network to access the resources. • The connected network can be LAN, WAN or the internet. The connection can be any wired or wireless. This type of embedded system is the fastest growing area in embedded system applications.

11. 4.MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS • Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell phones, mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital assistants, etc. • The basic limitation of these devices is the other resources and limitation of memory.

12. Based on the Performance of the Microcontroller Small scale embedded systems • These types of embedded systems are designed with a single 8 or 16bit microcontroller, that may even be activated by a battery. • For developing embedded software for small scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are an editor,assembler, cross assembler and integrated development environment(IDE). Medium scale embedded systems • These types of embedded systems design with a single or 16 or 32 bit microcontroller, RISCs or DSPs. • These types of embedded systems have both hardware and software complexities. • For developing embedded software for medium scale embedded systems, the main programming tools are C, C++, JAVA, Visual C++, RTOS, debugger, source code engineer tool, simulator and IDE.

13. SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS • These types of embedded systems have enormous hardware and software complexities, that may need ASIPs, Ips, PLAs, scalable or configurable processors. • They are used for cutting-edge applications that need hardware and software Co-design and components which have to assemble in the final system.

14. ADVANTAGES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM • Design and Efficiency • Accessibility • Maintenance and Reliability • Cost • Redundancies • Power

15. DISADVANTAGES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM • Issue of Scalability • Limitation of Hardware • Difficult to change Configuration and Features • Applied for a Specific Purpose

16. Applications • Household appliances. • Audio player. • Cellular telephones. • Engine controller in automobiles. • Calculators. • Videogames. • Aircrafts. • Medical equipments. • Defense systems, etc.

17. HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM? DIGITAL CIRCUITS MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEMS Slower Technology Dependent Flexible We need only to update the software. Example: Personal computer,PDA’S Mobile phones,PLC’S Faster • Only propagation delay Inflexible • Functions they perform can’t be changed easily. • Example: Communication system Ciphering algorithm

18. CONCLUSION • Thus embedded systems contain programmed instruction running via processor chips. They perform control, protection and monitoring task. In board term embedded system are programmable device or system which are generally used to control or monitor things. • Embedded systems Has become a vital component of almost every larger system. • If an embedded system is designed well, the existence of the processor and of software could be completely unnoticed by a user of the device.