Cells Structures and Their Functions

1. CellsStructures and Their Functions (Pages 38-45)

2. Cells • Are the smallest unit of life that carries out all life functions • Contain major structures inside that perform these life functions • Vary in size, but contain many of the same structures

3. Organelles (Structures) of the cell Cell Membrane • outside covering of the a cell that controls what comes in and out of the cell • Analogy -

4. Nucleus • contains Genetic Material (DNA) • is the control center of the cell • Analogy -

5. Cytoplasm • gel-like fluid inside a cell • the other organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm • Analogy -

6. Mitochondria • uses oxygen to release energy from food • sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell • Analogy -

7. Vacuoles • act as storage centers Cell wall • Provides extra support and shape for plant cells, it is made mostly of cellulose • Analogy -

8. Chloroplast • food-making structures of a plant cell

9. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells • Plant cells have a cell wall (to give extra support and shape), but animal cells do not. • Plant cells have chloroplasts (that enable plants make their own food), but animal cells do not.

10. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells • Plant cells usually have one or more large vacuole(s) (help provide shape and allow the plant to store water and food for future use), while animal cells have smaller vacuoles,if any are present.

11. Comparing Body Shapes of Bacteria

12. Classifying Bacteria • Kingdom Monera • Single celled • Smaller than plant or animal cells • Has a cell wall • Has a cell membrane • Has cytoplasm

13. Bacteria • Does not have a nucleus • Genetic material is found spread throughout the cell

14. 3 Shapes of Bacteria • Round – called Cocci • Rod shaped – called Bacilli • Spiral – corkscrew shaped called Spirilla