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Cells: Structures and Processes

Cells: Structures and Processes. 5 th Grade. The BIG Idea. All living things are composed of cells; in complex organisms, groups of cells form complex structures that work together for the survival of the organism. Objectives. All living things are made up of cells

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Cells: Structures and Processes

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  1. Cells: Structures and Processes 5th Grade

  2. The BIG Idea • All living things are composed of cells; in complex organisms, groups of cells form complex structures that work together for the survival of the organism.

  3. Objectives • All living things are made up of cells • Structure of cells (both plant and animal) • - Cell membrane: selectively allows substances in and out • - Nucleus: surrounded by nuclear membrane, contains genetic materials, divides for reproduction • - Cytoplasm contains organelles, small structures that carry out the chemical activities of the cell, including mitochondria (which produce the cell;s energy) and vacuoles (which store food, water, or waste).

  4. Objectives • Plant cells, unlike animal cells, have cell walls and chloroplasts. • Cells without nuclei: monerans (bacteria) • Some organisms consist of only a single cell: for example, amoeba, protozoans, some algae.

  5. Objectives • Cells are shaped differently in order to perform different functions. • Organization of cells into tissues, organs, and systems • - In complex organisms, groups of cells form tissues (In animals – skin, muscle, In plants – skin of onion, bark of tree). • - Tissues with similar functions form organs (heart, brain, root, flower) • - In complex organisms, organs work together in a system (digestive, circulatory).

  6. Objective 1 • All living things are made up of cells.

  7. Objective 2 Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells • Cells in human beings and other multicellular animals are eukaryotic cells. • Plant cells are also eukaryotic cells. • Single celled organisms and are also known as moneran. • Example: bacteria

  8. Objective 2 Structure of Plant cell Structure of Animal cell What are some of the similarities and differences of these two types of cells?

  9. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell • Cells in human beings and other multicellular animals are eukaryotic cells. • Some common features of an animal cell are located in the picture to the right.

  10. Different Cells

  11. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell The cell membrane – is a layer of molecules that surrounds the cell, keeping it separate from the external environment and controlling the passages of substances into and out of the cell.

  12. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell - Inside the cell membrane is a jellylike substance called cytoplasm. - This contains organelles that carry out the chemical activities of the cell.

  13. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell • One of the most important organelles in an animal cell is the nucleus. • Is like the Cell’s brain • It contains all of the information the cell needs to do specific jobs, grow and divide. • It contains the DNA molecules.

  14. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell • Produce the energy for the cell. • Also known as the “powerhouse of the cell”. • Has a highly folded inner membrane (cristae).

  15. Objective 2 a,b,c – Animal Cell Vacuoles - A sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane used to store food, fluid, or waste products.

  16. Objective 2 a,b,c – Plant Cell They contain all of the features of animal cells just noted, plus some additional features.

  17. Objective 3 – Plant Cell Chloroplasts • food for plant cells is made here • Transforms light energy into chemical energy which is stored in food molecules. • Contain chlorophyll – a green pigment that traps light energy and gives plants their green color.

  18. Objective 3 – Plant Cell Cell Wall • shapes and supports a plant cell • Surrounds the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, bacteria, and fungi.

  19. Click to go to Venn Diagram

  20. Objective 4 – Prokaryotic Cells Also known as the moneran. • Prokaryotic cells have neither a defined nucleus nor the types of organelles that eukaryotic cells have. • Unicellular, or single celled.

  21. Objective 5 – Single Cell • Some organisms consist of only a single cell: for example – • Amoeba • Protozoans • some algae.

  22. Objective 6 – Shapes • Cells are shaped differently in order to perform different functions.

  23. Tissues Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization • Groups of cells working together to perform a specialized activity are known as tissues.

  24. Muscle Tissues Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Come in three different types:

  25. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Plant Tissues The function of many plant tissues is to strengthen and support the plant.

  26. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Plant Tissues

  27. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Organs Are structures of combined tissues that perform a common task

  28. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Organs Are structures of combined tissues that perform a common task NOT THAT TYPE OF ORGAN!

  29. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization Plant Organs Plants have organs, too. One plant organ is the root.

  30. Objective 7 a,b,c – Organization System Organ systems are formed when two or more organs interact to assist in the entire organism’s survival.

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