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media ownership fdm 20c introduction to digital media lecture 07.03.2005

last time: surveillance and privacy. history of and surveillance todayreview of the capture modeldefinition of privacyprivate versus publiccivil versus economiccaptureefficient connections versus resistanceson the virtue of inefficiencieslessig on monitoring and searchexample: monitoring on the webexample: search on the webgandy on data mining.

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media ownership fdm 20c introduction to digital media lecture 07.03.2005

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    3. outline who owns the media today? ownership structures of local newspapers media map of u.s. media media map of international media types of connection between media companies mutual investment interlocking directorates news flows implications censorship focus fcc’s current review of ownership laws

    4. media concentration: bagdikian’s chronology 1983: 50 corporations dominated most every mass medium in the United States 1987: 23 corporations dominated 1987-1996: the number decreased to 14 corporations 1997: 10 corporations dominated the media 2000: 6 firms now dominate all U.S. mass media 2003-2004: FCC decided deregulate existing media ownership laws, then decided to reregulate, but...

    5. local newspaper ownership Alarm! out of business Aptos Times owned by The Times Publishing Group Capitola Times owned by The Times Publishing Group Scotts Valley Times owned by The Times Publishing Group City on a Hill owned by UCSC Connection Magazine locally owned? Goodtimes locally owned? Metro Santa Cruz owned by Metro Newspapers Mid-County Post locally owned Register / Pajaronian owned by News Media Corporation Valley Press/Scotts Valley Banner owned by Johnson Newspaper Corporation Santa Cruz Sentinel owned by Ottaway Newspapers, Inc. which is owned by Dow Jones and Co., Inc. San Jose Mercury News owned by Knight-Ridder

    6. resources for uncovering ownership ties websites of the publication or station websites of the owning corporation Hoovers (www.hoovers.com) U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (www.sec.gov) Columbia Journalism Review (http://www.cjr.org/owners/)

    7. u.s. media The Big Ten (http://www.thenation.com/special/bigten.html) note ownership of internet resources note mutual investment (e.g., AT&T owns 8% of NewsCorp)

    8. ownership and the internet According to Jupiter Media Metrix, a company that tracks internet and technology analysis and measurement, the "[t]otal number of companies that control 60 percent of all minutes spent online in the US dwindled 87 percent, from 110 in March 1999 to 14 in March 2001.” They further point out that within the 14 companies, it is heavily skewed towards the top four. (http://www.mediachannel.org/ownership/)

    9. radio ownership In 1996 and 1997, 4,407 of the nation’s 11,000 commercial radio stations changed hands. (http://www.cjr.org/year/03/2/hickeymore.asp)

    10. the case of clear channel Two companies, Clear Channel Communications, Inc. and Viacom, now attract 42 percent of radio listeners and industry revenue. L. Lowry Mays, the San Antonio-based billionaire founder of Clear Channel, owned thirty-six stations before deregulation and now has 1,225 in fifty states. In a decade, the company’s revenue has gone from $74 million to about $8 billion. ibid, Columbia Journalism Review Clear Channel programming reaches more than 110 million listeners every week; Clear Channel Radio, which daily reaches 54% of all people ages 18-49 in the U.S. (www.clearchannel.com)

    11. local stations owned by clearchannel KDON (102.5) KSJO (92.7) KOCN (105.1) KTOM (100.7)

    12. who owns the media here? try this website: the center for public integrity http://www.openairwaves.org/telecom/analysis/RadioSearchV3.aspx?radius=40&zip=95064

    13. interlocking directorates: another form of influence see artist project by futurefarmers: http://www.theyrule.net

    14. what is the FCC? Federal Communications Commission http://www.fcc.gov/ “The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent United States government agency, directly responsible to Congress. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. ” The FCC is directed by five Commissioners appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for 5-year terms.”

    15. interview with FCC Commissioner listen to the interview by Robert McChesney with Commissioner Michael Copps http://www.will.uiuc.edu/am/mediamatters/default.htm [show of Feb 23, 2003]

    16. FCC rules currently under review Broadcast-newspaper cross-ownership rule: This policy has prohibited the two most important sources of information in a community-the daily newspaper and a broadcast TV station-from being owned by the same company. [this rule was eliminated by the FCC on June 2, 2003] Local TV multiple ownership rule and the radio/TV cross-ownership rule: These rules limit somewhat the number of stations that any one entity can own in a single community. National TV ownership rule: This policy limits the number of TV stations a single company can own. The current limit prohibits a company from controlling stations that collectively reach 35 percent [as of Jan. ‘04, this figure is now 39 percent; was set at 45% on June 2, 2003] of all TV households Dual Network Rule: This policy prevents one of the four major networks-ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox-from buying another network. http://www.democraticmedia.org/issues/mediaownership/index.html

    17. how does ownership influence programming? the clear channel case censorship after 9/11 clear channel “recommended” that its stations not play a list of 200 songs including everything by rage against the machine and cat steven’s “peace train” (City on a Hill Press, May 15, 2003) focus Clear Channel has perfected what’s called “voice tracking,” a deceptive technique in which centrally produced programming — containing local allusions — is beamed to the company’s stations, letting listeners believe that the content is all locally originated. (Columbia Journalism Review)

    18. does ownership influence programming? the miramax case michael moore’s film, fahrenheit 911, winner of the 2004 cannes film festival is to be distributed in the u.s. by miramax; but, miramax is owned by disney with huge holdings in florida where jeb bush is governor; so, disney tells miramax not to distribute the film

    19. international media ownership the global ownership chart http://www.mediachannel.org/ownership/

    20. next time last lecture: resistance reminder 1: the final examination will be held one week from today, on monday, march 14th, here, during class time (9:00am-10:45am) reminder 2: version 2 of your paper is due ten days from today on thursday, march 17th; put the finished paper in your t.a.’s mailbox

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