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Defining Standard Operating Procedures for Shea Processing

Defining Standard Operating Procedures for Shea Processing. Peter Lovett WATH/ Pro Karité. Multiple markets. Traditional butter Cultural & locational variation Edible, cosmetics, medicinal, soap, etc Non-traditional edible Cocoa Butter Improvers, margarines, etc

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Defining Standard Operating Procedures for Shea Processing

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  1. Defining Standard Operating Procedures for Shea Processing Peter Lovett WATH/ProKarité

  2. Multiple markets • Traditional butter • Cultural & locational variation • Edible, cosmetics, medicinal, soap, etc • Non-traditional edible • Cocoa Butter Improvers, margarines, etc • Non-traditional personal care • Pomades, soap, pharmaceuticals, etc

  3. Multiple methods • Pits – smoked – kneaded-in-water • Piles – boiled – fried – kneaded-in-water • Piles – boiled – expeller • Dried raw – sand-roasted – boiled-in-water • Dried raw – pressed

  4. Quality Parameters • Free fatty acids • Peroxide values • Unsaponifiable content & profile • Melting point • Humidity • Impurities • Colour

  5. Consistency! SOP x SOP y 2 Free Fatty Acid % 1 0 Batch # Batch #

  6. Production cost vs market price • Processing inputs • Firewood, water, labour, etc • Technology costs • Extraction rate • Refining cost • Market demand

  7. E.g. cost vs price Drier Grinding mill Pressing machine Cost Sell Profit 500 600 100 550 600 50 700 750 50 1000 1200 200

  8. Standard Operating Procedures • Need step-by-step process • Understanding of each stage • Timing • Effect on quality • Extraction rates • Cost of each stage • Expected ‘quality’ at a given ‘consistency’

  9. Traditional SOPs • E.g. SOP 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, etc • To include range of traditional methods • Expected` • Degraded oil • Wide ‘consistency’ range • Cultural demand • Large market

  10. Mid-range SOPs • Produces a standard product • good consistency • Medium oil quality, e.g. FFA 3-4% • Probably further refining expected • Soap making, deodorisation, etc • Ease of production at low cost • E.g. kernels for export, national soap production

  11. Top range SOPs • High set-up cost • training, driers, presses, etc • Niche markets • High consistency • High “Quality @ Quantity” (e.g. <1% FFA) • Certification probably demanded by market • Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals

  12. Key questions - Quality • Provenance profiles • Unsaponifiables • Effect of accumulation & aqueous extraction • Cause of peroxide formation during boiling • Levels of PAHs & alternative methods • Economic, efficient drying methods

  13. Market driven • Offer quality parameters • Assess market demand • quality, quantity & price • Finalise quality standards • Certification methods • Networks to allow free market access • Offer SOPs to producers & buyers…

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