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Dwight K. Jesseman

Dwight K. Jesseman. St. Johns County Agricultural Agent. Nematology. Basic Principles for Master Gardeners. Types of Nematodes. Plant Parasitic Predatory Entomophagous Free Living Marine. Plant Parasitic. Predatory. Entomophagous. Free Living. Marine. Morphology and Anatomy.

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Dwight K. Jesseman

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  1. Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent

  2. Nematology • Basic Principles for Master Gardeners

  3. Types of Nematodes • Plant Parasitic • Predatory • Entomophagous • Free Living • Marine

  4. Plant Parasitic

  5. Predatory

  6. Entomophagous

  7. Free Living

  8. Marine

  9. Morphology and Anatomy • Animals • Round Worms • Size 0.25mm to 3.0mm • Layered Cuticle • Vermiform, Globose, Kidney Shaped

  10. Layered Cuticle

  11. Vermiform

  12. Globose

  13. Kidney Shaped

  14. Life Cycle and Reproduction • Egg - 50 to 500 • Four Juvenile Stages • Adult • Male and Female in Most Species • Life Cycle Dependant on Soil Temperatures • Move Slowly

  15. Egg and Juvenile

  16. Feeding • Oral Stylet or Spear • Inject Enzymes • Digest Cell Contents

  17. Oral Stylet

  18. Host- Parasite Relationship • Migratory Ectoparasitic • Ring, Spiral • Migratory Endoparasitic • Lesion, Burrowing • Sedentary Endoparasitic • Root-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, Citrus

  19. Migratory Ectoparasitic

  20. Migratory Endoparasitic

  21. Sedentary Endoparasitic

  22. Diagnoses • Very Difficult at Times • Poor Growth • Combination of Problems • Assay of Soil and/or Plant Tissue • Symptoms

  23. Above-Ground • Rarely Sufficient • Chlorosis • Dieback • Melting out • Reduced Growth • Water Stressed

  24. Reduced Growth

  25. Below-Ground • Root Galls • Root Swellings • Abbreviated Root System • Root Rot • Cyst Nematodes

  26. Root Galls

  27. Abbreviated Root System

  28. Cyst Nematodes

  29. Field History • Gradual Decline • Area - Small to Large • Rotation of Crops

  30. Laboratory Assay • Soil and Plant Tissue • Relative Population Densities • Economic Thresholds

  31. Nematode Management • Prevention • Crop Rotation • Crop Root Destruction • Flooding and Fallowing • Resistance • Biological Control • Nematicides

  32. Home Garden • Container Growing • Site Selection • Crop Rotation • Soil Tillage and Root Destruction • Amendments • Organic Matter • Green Manures

  33. Home Garden • Planting Time • Nematode - Free Transplants • Resistant Varieties • Soil Solarization • Chemical Control

  34. Soil Solarization • Cover for at least 4 weeks • Well Tilled • High Moisture • Slightly Raised Beds • Crown the Bed

  35. Soil Solarization • Clear Polyethylene • Thin Plastic 1 to 2 mil • Leave in Place Until Planting • Avoid Contaminated Plants or Soil

  36. Soil Temperatures • Tarped Soils 111 to 122 • 115 - Water Molds • 120 - Nematodes • 140 - Most Fungi • 150 - Most Soil Insects • 160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria • 170 - Most Weed Seeds

  37. Ornamentals • Site Preparation • Treat Soil • Fumigation • Soil Solarazition • Replace Infested Soil • Root Barriers

  38. Ornamentals • Nematode-Free Stock • Well Adapted Plants • Resistant Plants • Maintenance • Mulches • Other Pests • Chemical Control

  39. Turf • Biological Controls • Resistant Plants • Chemical Control • Fumigation Before Planting

  40. Resistance • Bahiagrasses - Tolerant of Most • Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting, Sheath • St. Augustinegrasses -Sting, Lance • Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance, Stubby • Zoysiagrasses - Most nematodes

  41. Basimid Granular Use • Compost Piles • Potting Soils • Seed and Propagation Beds • Soil Media • Establishing Turf and Ornamental Sites • Not for Use in Vegetable Gardens • READ THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAW

  42. Questions

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