1 / 7

Source: “Origin of the Iceland hotspot and the North Atlantic Igneous Province”, Korenaga, 2004, mantleplumes /

Geologic Setting. - Iceland “Tertiary Formation” is part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province - magmatic activity began around ~61 Ma - continental flood basalts from 61-56 Ma found from Baffin Island, W & E Greenland, N Ireland, and Scotland.

PamelaLan
Download Presentation

Source: “Origin of the Iceland hotspot and the North Atlantic Igneous Province”, Korenaga, 2004, mantleplumes /

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Geologic Setting - Iceland “Tertiary Formation” is part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province - magmatic activity began around ~61 Ma - continental flood basalts from 61-56 Ma found from Baffin Island, W & E Greenland, N Ireland, and Scotland Source: “Origin of the Iceland hotspot and the North Atlantic Igneous Province”, Korenaga, 2004, http://www.mantleplumes.org/

  2. Icelandic Rift Zones - WVZ and NVZ (western and northern volcanic zones) represent the current mid-ocean ridge track - EVZ is propagating to the south - SISZ = south Iceland seismic zone, connects WVZ and EVZ - EVZ represents a juvenile ridge zone; eventually the mid-ocean ridge will jump from the WVZ to the EVZ Source: “Tertiary Volcanism in Iceland”, Harðarson et al., Jökull, 2008.

  3. Icelandic Hot Spot Track - Greenland, Iceland, Faeroe “ridge” represents a hot-spot trail - proto-Iceland may have been formed off the east coast of Greenland (hot spot reached East Greenland coast between 40-35 Ma) - connected by a trail of small islands or a land bridge (supported by paleobotanical evidence, Grimmson et al. 2007) Source: “The Faeroe-Iceland-Greenland Aseismic Ridge and the Western Boundary Undercurrent”, P. R. Vogt, Nature, Sep. 1972

  4. Icelandic Volcanoes Tertiary = 16 to 3.3 Ma Plio-Pliestocene = 3.3 to 0.78 Ma Upper Pliestocene = 0.78 Ma to 15000 yr BP Holocene = 15000 yr BP to present -- tertiary volcanoes = open, unfilled circles -- Plio-Pliestocene = crossed, unfilled circles -- active volcanoes = brown, filled circles Source: “Tertiary Volcanism in Iceland”, Harðarson et al., Jökull, 2008.

  5. Volcanic Hazards plinian eruption of Hekla in 1947 (plume reached 28 km) lava and tephra deposits covering a small town by Eldfell eruption in 1973 a jökulhlaup glacial outwash plain destroying a section of the ring road (Highway 1) Source: “Volcanic Hazards in Iceland”, Gudmundsson et al., Jökull, 2008.

  6. Volcanic Hazards -- tephra fallout isopach map -- fallout of >10 cm can cause roof cave-ins -- can cause problems with farming (as in 1619, 1873, 1903 eruptions of Grimsvötn) -- historical eruptions have had plumes from 8-15 km -- map of historical and prehistoric lavas -- pyroclastic flows are not common, although the subplinian Hekla eruption in 2000 produced flows up to 5 km from the vent Source: “Volcanic Hazards in Iceland”, Gudmundsson et al., Jökull, 2008.

  7. Jokülhlaups -- jokülhlaups: glacial outwash floods -- can be caused by geothermal activity or by volcanic eruption-- 1 to 1.5 hours to notify and evacuate areas -- water depth exceeding 1 meter and flow velocities > 1 m/s -- 300,000 m3/s of material discharged Source: “Volcanic Hazards in Iceland”, Gudmundsson et al., Jökull, 2008.

More Related