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CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AMONG ANATOMICALLY MODERN HOMO SAPIENS, 50,000-10,000 YEARS AGO

CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AMONG ANATOMICALLY MODERN HOMO SAPIENS, 50,000-10,000 YEARS AGO. UPDATED AUG. 29, 2005 DR. ERIC CANIN CSU FULLERTON. Homo erectus: use of red ochre Homo neandertalis: intentional burial. Symbol use before homo sapiens.

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CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AMONG ANATOMICALLY MODERN HOMO SAPIENS, 50,000-10,000 YEARS AGO

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  1. CULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AMONG ANATOMICALLY MODERN HOMO SAPIENS, 50,000-10,000 YEARS AGO UPDATED AUG. 29, 2005 DR. ERIC CANIN CSU FULLERTON

  2. Homo erectus: use of red ochre Homo neandertalis: intentional burial Symbol use before homo sapiens

  3. HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENSTHE SYMBOL USER • HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS (ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS) AROSE IN AFRICA AND SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE WORLD • RECENT EVIDENCE FAVORS REPLACEMENT (OUT OF AFRICA) OVER MULTIREGIONAL MODELS • APPR. DATE B.P. CONTINENT SITE EXAMPLE • 155,000 AFRICA HERTO, ETHIOPIA • 100,000 NEAR EAST SKUHL, ISRAEL • 67,000 ASIA LIUJIANG, CHINA • 40,000 AUSTRALIA LAKE MUNGO, AUSTRALIA • 36,000 EUROPE PESTERA CU OASE, ROMANIA • 13,000 S. AMERICA MONTE VERDE, CHILE • Neandertal Homo sapiens sapiens

  4. SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL ADAPTATIONS:THE HUMAN REVOLUTION • THE MOST IMPORTANT CULTURAL ADAPTATIONS DURING THE PERIOD FROM 50,000 TO 10,000 INVOLVED THE USE OF TOOLS AND SYMBOLS • TOOLS AND SYMBOLS WERE USED PRIOR TO 50,000 BY OTHER HOMINIDS, BUT THE DATE MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE SOPHISTICATED, EFFICIENT AND WIDESPREAD USE OF CULTURE • THIS PERIOD, CALLED THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC IN EUROPE, IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE HUMAN REVOLUTION Solutrean blade Cave painting: horse and arrows

  5. TOOLS: STONE AND BEYOND • STONE BLADES: BLANKS FOR MAKING OTHER TOOLS • USED TO MAKE KNIVES, BURINS, SCRAPERS, AWLS • STONE MICROLITHS: SMALL, FLAKED TOOLS ATTACHED TO WOOD OR BONE • USED AS BARBS AND ARROWHEADS • TOOLS MADE FROM OTHER MATERIALS : BONE, IVORY, ANTLER AND SHELL • USED TO MAKE HARPOONS, SPEARTHROWERS, AWLS AND NEEDLES

  6. SYMBOLS: VISUAL AND MATERIAL IMAGERY • CAVE (PARIETAL) ART • Rhinos from Chauvez, France, 32,000 B.P. • ROCK ART (PETROGLYPHS) • Giraffe and other figures, Namibia, 27,000 B.P.

  7. SYMBOLS: VISUAL AND MATERIAL IMAGERY, con’t. • FIGURINES (PORTABLE ART) • Venus of Willendorf, Austria, 25,000 B.P. • BURIALS • Burial remains with beads, Sungir, Russia, 28,000 B.P.

  8. SYMBOLS: VISUAL AND MATERIAL IMAGERY, con’t • SHAMANISM, RELIGION AND THE IMAGINATION • The Sorcerer, Les Trois Freres, France, 12,000 B.P. • Artist rendering • IS THIS A GOD, MAN-BEAST, COSTUMED DANCER, OR SELF-TRANSFORMING SHAMAN?

  9. IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION • THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BIOLOGY IS NOT CLEAR, BUT BASED ON INFERENCE • IMPROVED TOOL TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE • CHANGED OUR DENTITION (TOOTH SIZE), WHICH RESULTED IN CHEEKBONES AND CHIN CHARACTERISTIC OF HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS • IMPROVED OUR DIET, RESULTING IN GREATER ENCEPHALIZATION, THE RATIO OF BRAIN TO BODY SIZE • INCREASED USE OF SYMBOLS AND SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE MAY HAVE • FAVORED INDIVIDUALS WITH GREATER ENCEPHALIZATION AND IMPROVED VOCAL TRACTS, AS SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION BECAME MORE IMPORTANT AND WIDESPREAD

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