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European Colonization of Latin America

European Colonization of Latin America. The Explorers and Conquistadors. Columbus. 1492 Columbus established a new commercial route to the Americas Returns to New World No longer an explorer… Now an empire builder (17 ships). Eurocentrism – Europeans claimed to “discover” Am.

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European Colonization of Latin America

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  1. European Colonization of Latin America The Explorers and Conquistadors

  2. Columbus • 1492 Columbus established a new commercial route to the Americas • Returns to New World • No longer an explorer… • Now an empire builder (17 ships)

  3. Eurocentrism – Europeans claimed to “discover” Am. Conquistadors – “conquerors” followed him to America seeking adventure wealth and glory They also had a desire to spread Catholicism Conquistadors

  4. What is going on? • Amerigo Vespucci – “new” world • German mapmaker – America • Magellan – 5 ships & 250 men • Killed in the Philippines • Disease & starvation reduced crew • 18 men & 1 ship • Balboa

  5. Treaty of Tordesillas • 1494 – Spain and Portugal competed for colonies • The Pope set a north south line dividing the world in two • Spain got lands to the West • Portugal got lands to the East

  6. Conquistadors • Vasco de Balboa – first European to see Pacific Ocean • Hernando Cortez – defeated the Aztecs and stole their gold • Francisco Pizarro – conquered the Incas and brought to Spain their riches

  7. Cortez • Rumors of land filled with gold and silver • Aztec Empire • Tenochtitlán – capital • Montezuma II – emperor • Thought Cortez was a god • Mont. give part of gold to Cortez • “disease of the heart only gold can cure” • Attack Aztecs, conquer them in 1521

  8. Technology – horses, armor, guns and canons made the Europeans better equipped for war Disease – smallpox… wiped out ½ the Indian pop. in some cases Help – native tribes helped Cortez fight Aztecs How did they win?

  9. Francisco Pizarro • Incas – Atahualpa (Ah•tuh•WAHL•puh) • Ambushed Incas; kidnapped Atahualpa • Once with gold, Twice with silver • Get the money, then kill him • Incans retreat; Pizarro takes capital

  10. Dividing the Spoils - Sovereignty • European monarchs were all interested in the wealth of the Americas • Spain and Portugal claimed Sovereignty (sole control) over lands in Latin America

  11. Spanish settlers were given HUGE tracts of land for cultivation of ca$h crops, mining, or ranching. CA$H crops – coffee, sugar and tobacco Mestizo – mixed Spanish/Native American race Encomienda system in the Spanish Empire

  12. Spain • Very rich & Very powerful • Build a strong navy • More Expansion!!! • Juan Ponce de León • Claimed FL for Spain • Francisco Vásquez de Coronado • AZ, NM, TX, OK, KN

  13. The Catholic Church • Catholic priests est. schools, taught agriculture and worked to end abuses of Indians • Church grew rich through grants of land and church taxes • New Mexico • Santa Fe

  14. Conclusion • Encomienda system under fire – abolished • Need new source of labor… • Africans • New European nations start to establish other colonies in the Americas… • …Like the French and English (Next Section…)

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