NBAA AIRCRAFT GROUND DAMAGE PREVENTION

1. June 2002 NBAA AIRCRAFT GROUND DAMAGE PREVENTION Best practices for preventing business aircraft ground damage events

2. NBAA Safety Committee Introduction Purpose of program - reduce aircraft ground damage risk by providing �best practices� interventions Focused audience - corporate flight and maintenance crews Intended use - training and awareness tool Self-audit tool - gap analysis, how do we manage these risks? (tbd) Incident analysis flow chart -tool to look at human factors issues What this is not - a tool to manage FBO�s Size of the problem ? Many costs uninsured, estimated at over $100 million/year in direct costs

3. NBAA Safety Committee Most significant risk factors for ground damages

4. NBAA Safety Committee Most significant human factors issues for ground damages

5. NBAA Safety Committee Maintenance Related Exposures

6. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Maintenance Related Exposures Mobile ladders/equip near aircraft control surfaces Walk paths near aircraft storage positions Use of non-rubber chocks while in hangars Static wick protection warning devices Complete a Job hazard analysis for specific aircraft maintenance exposures related to unique situations

7. NBAA Safety Committee Fire Protection - urea foam deluge systems should receive periodic inspection Equipment that can move due to vibration or jet blast should be chocked or secured Aircraft log books should be stored in a secure storage system when not in use Clothing - Belt buckles covered and shoe protectors used if required.

8. NBAA Safety Committee Aircraft Movement

9. NBAA Safety Committee Use of at least 2 wingwalkers while moving aircraft from or into hangars along with tug operator Team completes an area risk assessment before moving aircraft Perimeter floor marking that delineates limits of aircraft placement near hangar walls

10. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Movement In/Out of Hangars/Storage Hangar doors - securing methods to prevent inadvertent closure due to jet blast or high winds Aircraft wings should not overlap other aircraft due to settling hazard Hangar doors should be fully opened before aircraft movement Aircraft should not be moved through propeller arcs

11. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Movement In/Out of Hangars/Storage Floor/ramp markings delineate best aircraft positions for entry or exit from hangars Suggested hangar staking diagrams should be provided as visual aids Overhead doors systems should have a periodic inspection process

12. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Movement In/Out of Hangars/Storage A Job hazard analysis should be completed for aircraft movement exposures in hangar areas related to unique situations Written procedures for aircraft movement should be available in both the flight and maintenance operations manuals Employees who move aircraft receive should receive training on company procedures

13. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Movement In/Out of Hangars/Storage A visual inspection of the aircraft should be completed before any tow initiates The team should complete an area risk assessment briefing before moving aircraft - all sides of aircraft perimeter visually inspected for hazards Towing equipment - tugs/lektro tugs visually inspected, brakes checked, correct tow bar verified

14. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Movement In/Out of Hangars/Storage Towbars should be labeled as to aircraft type Tugs are marked as to rated maximum loads A post tow inspection should completed of aircraft For aircraft pushes, the rear area must be inspected before movement A written job hazard analysis should be completed for aircraft towing exposures

15. NBAA Safety Committee Aircraft Towing

16. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Towing - Ramp Areas Verification that aircraft brakes are off is completed before the tow or push is initiated Employees who move aircraft should receive training on procedures Aircraft are towed at a safe walking speed Towing safety rules marked on tugs

17. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Towing - Ramp Areas Large/heavy aircraft should require a person acting as a brake monitor during movement - in cockpit If the tow operator loses sight of wing walker, an immediate STOP should occur If there is any doubt as to having adequate space/clearance,an immediate STOP should occur

18. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:  Aircraft Towing - Ramp Areas Aircraft should only be moved by approved vehicles

19. NBAA Safety Committee Aircraft TaxiFlight Crew Procedures

20. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:Initial Aircraft Taxi Approach to Ramp Area Pilots should visually scan the ramp for risks while taxing in Ground marshaller�s should provide the correct hand signals - if in doubt, stop While taxiing, the area should continually be scanned for threats such as: drain grates, narrow rows of positioned aircraft, ramp slope, blind spots,jet blast hazards, wind direction, loose chocks,vehicle movements

21. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:Initial Aircraft Taxi Approach to Ramp Area Pilots should communicate (radio) with unicom or for taxi in assistance from FBO, etc. Pilots should observe any hazards related to ground service equipment movements or positioning hazards - plan ahead for departure routes

22. NBAA Safety Committee Flight Crew Precautions (departure) Flight crew should complete a visual inspection of the aircraft prior to departure Pilots should ensure that wing walkers are used in confined areas or areas where marshalling person cannot see all positions of the aircraft. Pilots should visually survey the ramp area for risks during pre-start and taxi

23. NBAA Safety Committee Aircraft Parking Flight Crew Precautions

24. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:Aircraft Parking/Tie Down - Ramp Areas Warning cones should be placed at wing tips and tail Potential jet exhaust blast hazards should be planned for Aircraft should be positioned to avoid wing overlap hazards Triple chocks should be placed at mains and nose gear for overnight parking

25. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:Aircraft Parking/Tie Down - Ramp Areas The main gear should be chocked at all ramp parking situations A ground marshler should be used to aid for taxi in and departure from parking spots Ground air stair mats should be removed before engine start

26. NBAA Safety Committee Ground Service Equipment

27. NBAA Safety Committee Risk Exposure - Area:Ground Service Equipment Fuel Trucks should be chocked when servicing aircraft All mobile equipment should be positioned to not face aircraft Ground power units should not be positioned under tail sections and must be chocked Special precautions should be followed to insure the removal of GPU plugs before the unit is moved Tugs and other types of GSE such as golf carts should be shut-off, parking brakes set, and chocked when left unattended

28. NBAA Safety Committee Flight crew communications with ground crews

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30. NBAA Safety Committee Crew Communications Flight and Ground - Towing

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38. NBAA Safety Committee Self-audit tool:Gap Analysis We have written standard operating procedures Y N Employees trained on procedures Y N Employees provided risk awareness training Y N Incident investigations conducted Y N We have completed a risk assessment Y N Compliance evaluations completed Y N We have the correct ground equipment Y N We monitor FBO actions Y N We have an accountability system in place Y N Access to ramp areas is controlled Flight crews provided ground damage awareness training

39. NBAA Safety Committee

40. NBAA Safety Committee Special Thanks to: Home Depot FTY Hill Aircraft FTY Signature Flight Support Purdue University