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HATE GROUPS IN AMERICA. KU KLUX KLAN. Phase 1 1865: during reconstruction after the Civil War Tennessee: six former Confederate army officers Based on the Greek word ‘kluklos’ or ‘group’ Began as anti black
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KU KLUX KLAN • Phase 1 • 1865: during reconstruction after the Civil War • Tennessee: six former Confederate army officers • Based on the Greek word ‘kluklos’ or ‘group’ • Began as anti black • Known for lynching, white sheets, burning crosses, tar and feather, OVERT discrimination
KKK continued … • Imperial Wizard: supreme commander • Nathan Bedford Forrest • Grand Dragons • Great Titans • Exalted Cyclops
KKK Phase 2 • Focus on blacks AND all “alien outsiders” • Immigrants • Jews • Catholics • 1925: estimated 5 million members • 1925: March on Washington DC • Gain political power • Overt discrimination continues • Internal struggles and investigations of leaders reduces influence and popularity • Depression and WWII slow down KKK
KKK Phase 3 • 1960s: KKK is revitalized • Lack of national organization • Smaller self governed groups • Opposition to the rising civil rights movement • Goal: Preserve segregation after court rulings • Brown vs. Board of Education • 1965: about 40,000 members • Tactics: Church bombings, boycotts, beatings & intimidation
KKK Phase 4 • 1970s – Today • Approximately 6,000 active members • Less “white sheets”; more shirts and ties • “Splinter groups” found throughout USA … including WI
According to the KKK the drop of blood refers to the blood shed by Jesus Christ as a sacrifice for the white race
Neo - Nazis • Hatred of Jews • Belief of Hitler and Nazi Germany • ANTI SEMITISM: • Also hate black, homosexuals, other minorities • Some focus on political rebellion: • Publications banned in Europe • Protected under free speech laws in USA • USA breeding grounds for these groups
Neo Nazi Faction: Skinheads • White Supremacists, anti-gay, anti-Jew • Trademark: Shaved heads and hate tattoos • Began in England 1960s … USA by 80s • Often operate in small “crews” • Focus on recruitment of teens • Use of music and internet
Christian Identity aka Aryan Nation • Non Jewish whites are the children of God • Jews are direct descendents of Satan • Christ will not return until all Jews eradicated • Non whites are “mud people” • Began in 1970s • Current membership low due to internal disputes
Black Separatist • Blacks who oppose integration and racial intermarriage • Goal: Create a separate nation for American blacks (if needed – overthrow government) • Anti white and anti Jew • Blacks are the chosen children of God • “New Black Panthers” (urban guerilla warfare?) • Started in Milwaukee: 1990 • Many groups are American black Muslims • “Nation of Islam”
Hate Groups in Wisconsin http://www.splcenter.org/intel/map/index.jsp?S=WI&m=5 Hate Groups In USA http://www.splcenter.org/images/dynamic/intel/hatemaps/5/hate_map_ir125_adjusted.pdf