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The Study of electrical charges that can be collected and held at one place is called Electrostatics. Static electricity occurs with the movement of an electric charge caused by contact or friction between two objects.
Simple examples of charge formation is when two neutral objects like rubber and fur are rubbed together. 2) Shocking someone after rubbing your feet on the carpet. 3) Rubbing a balloon then seeing your hair get raised by it. 4) Putting your arm near a TV and seeing the hair be attracted to the TV. 5) Rubbing a comb through your hair and the hair sticking to the comb
To understand electrostatics we need to study the structure of an atom. An atom has three types of charges: Positive(Protons), Negative (Electrons), Neutral (Neutrons). In every atom the number of protons is always equal to number of electrons.
The following figure gives us the picture of how atoms are constituted.
Charging an object By Friction By Conduction By Induction