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Charges

Charges. e-. P+. n. nucleus. Electrons. Source of Electrons(Force). Solid. Liquid. Gas. Plasma. Matter : Weight - Space. valence shell. e-. P. n. nucleus. Atoms. Atoms. Atomic Number – Number of Protons. Atomic Weight – Number of Protons plus Neutrons.

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Charges

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  1. Charges

  2. e- P+ n nucleus Electrons

  3. Source of Electrons(Force)

  4. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Matter : Weight - Space

  5. valence shell e- P n nucleus Atoms

  6. Atoms Atomic Number – Number of Protons Atomic Weight – Number of Protons plus Neutrons Number of Protons EQUALS Electrons in a neutral atom

  7. Ionization The process where an atom gains or loses an electron. Na+Cl- Na – Positive Ion Cl – Negative Ion

  8. Charges (q) Like Charges (++ - -) Repel q- q- q+ q+

  9. Charges (q) Un-Like Charges (+ -) Attract q+ q-

  10. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb (C) The quantity of charge on an abject. 1C = 6.25 x 1018 e-

  11. Coulomb’s Law q-

  12. Coulomb’s Law q1 q2 What does the force depend on?

  13. d Coulomb’s Law q1 q2 1.The charge on q1 and q2. 2.The distance (d).

  14. d d2 q-

  15. d F ∞ q1q2 F ∞ 1/d2 Mathematical Model for Coulomb’s Law Force (F) q1 q2

  16. d q1 q2 K q1q2 F = d2 K = 9.0 X 109 N·m2/C2

  17. d=3cm q1 q2 q1= +6μC = +6x10-6C q2= +3μC = +6x10-6C d = 3cm = 3x10-2m K = 9.0 X 109 N·m2/C2 What is the force on q2?

  18. K 9X109N·m2/C2(6X10-6C)(6X10-6C) (3X10-2m)2 q1q2 F = d2 F =1.8X102N q1 q2

  19. Electric Fields Think of gravity or gravitational field to understand electric fields.

  20. Electric Fields vs Gravity g

  21. Electric Fields ++++++++++ neutral neutral - - - - - - - - - - E

  22. Electric Fields ++++++++++ + - - - - - - - - - - + E

  23. Electric Fields ++++++++++ - - - - - - - - - - - - E

  24. Electric Fields A force field due to electric charges. A force on a charge due to another chage. E

  25. r q kq E = r2 Electric Field: Point Charge

  26. Q F E = q Force on a charge ‘q’ in an Electric Field q

  27. Newton E = Coulomb F E = N E = q C

  28. Energy and Work

  29. + - Energy and Work It takes work to move the “-” charge.

  30. + q’ Work on q’ Joule ΔV = = q’ Coulomb Electric Potential (Energy)Voltage = volt

  31. + q’ Electric Potential (Energy)Voltage VA VB ΔV = VB - VA “Potential Difference”Voltage

  32. Fd F ΔV = E = q q Eqd ΔV = q Electric Potential (Energy)Voltage

  33. Electric Potential (Energy)Voltage Ed ΔV =

  34. Example Two parallel plates are given opposite charges. A voltmeter measures the electric potental differnece to be 60V. The plates are 3.ocm apart. What is the magnitude of the electric field between them.

  35. { ++++++++++ - - - - - - - - - - { E ΔV d ΔV=60.0V D=0.030m

  36. Ed ΔVd = E 60V0.03m = E ΔV =

  37. 2000J/(m·C)= E 2000 N/C = E

  38. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Current Flow of charge! Charge - Coulomb(C) 6.24 X 1018 electrons

  39. Leyden Jar Conductors

  40. - - - + - - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + Leyden Jar - - - - - - -

  41. Capacitor A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field.

  42. Metal Plates Insulating Material Dielectric Capacitor

  43. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Capacitor - +

  44. Capacitor - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + +

  45. Copper Zinc -

  46. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Current Number of electrons passing a point in a second.

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