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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Foundations of Western Civilization Mycenaean Age 2000BCE -1100BCE Hellenic- Classical- 800- 300 BCE Hellenistic-300-BCE-1st cen CE. Questions about Greece. Why is what happened in Greece 2500 years ago so important to us today?

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Foundations of Western Civilization Mycenaean Age 2000BCE -1100BCE Hellenic- Classical- 800- 300 BCE Hellenistic-300-BCE-1st cen CE

  2. Questions about Greece • Why is what happened in Greece 2500 years ago so important to us today? • What foundations were formed by the Ancient Greeks? • Who were these people people whose legends and myths are still alive?

  3. Geographical Considerations • hills and mountains • a few plain regions • jagged coast line • NO river valley • Natural to look to the sea for transportation • Difficult to have political unity

  4. Early Greeks2000-800 BCE • Mycenaeans connected to Crete-oldest city in Europe, fortress with lion gate-later GCS thought built by gods • Dark Ages 1100-750 had an invasion from the North by Dorians- lost writing, fine craftwork, pottery, became isolated • Late in time period- adopted Phoenician alphabet, and iron use- expanded to Ionia and islands

  5. Importance of HomerGreek Identity • Looked back to glorious age-connected past with stories of heroes and gods • Unified values- courage and honor • Stories of Odyssey, Iliad (p 81Odysseus) • Never thought there was a Troy Schliemann in 1875 uncovered nine cities- sim to Greek city states (picture p80)

  6. Age of Expansion 700-500 BCE • Sailed all over the Mediterranean • Spread what they knew but picked up • coinage from Lydia • alphabet from Phoenicians • developed new classes of merchants and artisans • famous for Greek pottery

  7. Athens- more freedom (various forms) crisis of land led to reforms by Solon gradual increase in influence of the citizens (men with property) Sparta- aggressive toward neighbors slave labor imp military important rigid lifestyle pattern did not encourage ingenuity or independent thought The Polis (city state)sense of common interest

  8. Classical Greece 500-325BCEGolden Age in History (ch9) • Political- beginnings of democracy Age of Pericles 464-429 said the world will marvel at us • Intellectual First historians, • Father of Medicine- Hippocrates • Mathematicians • Philosophers- basis for all others(Plato-cave p90) • Building- Parthenon (p94) Paestum (p96)

  9. Persian War • Persia largest empire of the time • 543 conquered Asia Minor, Gk city states rebelled in Ionia 499 • 490 First phase, ferried 40,00 men to Marathon, surprised by Athenians • 26 mile race to Athens to tell news • 480-78 Second Xerxes , 150,000 land bridge • Thermopylae 480 Spartan Platea and Salamis Victory! (NIKE)

  10. Peloponnesian War • Cause- Delian League formed and dominated by Athens • NO way to withdraw. Corinth asks Sparta for help • Pericles (p85) declares war defeated by plague, and Sparta • navy in Sicily defeated, Persia helps Sparta • Pericles dies- Athens has walls torn down • city states remain divided

  11. Alexander the Great (ch 10) • Chapter 8 ends with defeat of city states by Phillip of Macedon ta Battle of Chaeronea. Phillip assassinated • Alexander 336-323 • student of Aristotle- revered Greek accomplishments • spread the empire and defeated the Persians- • follow path to Asia Minor, Tyre, Egypt to Persia(p99) • amazing accomplishments - Indus Valley • inspired followers- died in Babylon 33

  12. Hellenistic Greece(Ch10) • Alexander establishes 60 Alexandrias • Mix of Greek and eastern culture-intermarriage • Art and sculpture amazing- shows movement • Science advanced- p (104) • The world has never been the same!

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