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Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing. Dave Elliman. The datacenter is the computer!. Source: NY Times (6/14/2006). Two Key Enterprise Technologies for the Cloud. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) Allows load sharing and loose coupling and is robust to server failure. Virtualization:

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Cloud Computing

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  1. Cloud Computing Dave Elliman G53ELC

  2. The datacenter is the computer! Source: NY Times (6/14/2006)

  3. G53ELC Two Key Enterprise Technologiesfor the Cloud • Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) Allows load sharing and loose coupling and is robust to server failure. • Virtualization: The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single physical system and share the underlying hardware resources

  4. A definition • Cloud Computing: “The provisioning of services in a timely (near instant), on-demand manner, to allow the scaling up and down of resources”

  5. Requirements… • IApplications are International and expect users from anywhere in the world • Applications access huge (Petabyte) databases • Applications expect to download content rapidly anywhere • Applications need to scale with user load without degrading response • Applications need to be available 24/7 365 days a year • Applications need to be secure and well defended • Companies wish to pay only for bandwidth and server time used

  6. What’s a Petabyte? • 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte • 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte • 1024 Megabyte = 1 GigaByte • 1024 Gibabytes = 1 Terabyte • 1024 Terabyte = 1 Petabyte • Exercise for the student: Write down the number of bytes in a Petabyte as a number

  7. Petrabyte applications are not unusual nowadays • Google believed to processes 30 PB a day • eBay has 7 PB of user data • Facebook has 36 PB of user data

  8. A million times cheaper since 1980

  9. The communications growth rate is also amazing

  10. Why not just set up your own servers? • Lot’s of reasons… • Will give an example…

  11. Suppose you are Forbes.com • You offer on-line real time stock market data • Why pay for capacity weekends, overnight? 9 AM - 5 PM, M-F Rate of Server Accesses ALL OTHER TIMES

  12. Forbes' Solution • Host the web site in Amazon's EC2 Elastic Compute Cloud • Provision new servers every day, and deprovision them every night • Pay just $0.10* per server per hour • * more for higher capacity servers • Let Amazon worry about the hardware, the scaling, the local (edge) delivery, the security, the availability, and the backup(?).

  13. Cloud computing takes virtualization to the next step • You don’t have to own the hardware • You “rent” it as needed from a cloud • There are public clouds • e.g. Amazon EC2, and now many others (Microsoft Azure, IBM, Sun, and others ...) • A company can create a private cloud • With more control over security, etc.

  14. G53ELC Lower Cost • No need to pay for infrastructure up front • No need for expensive support staff • only pay for what you use • Great for start-ups – may even be free

  15. G53ELC More Agile • It used to take 3 months to set up an application on a cluster of servers • Takes half an hour in the cloud • Scale up or down (elasticity)

  16. OK It’s a good idea. How does it work? • We already saw how to set up a RESTful web service on the Amazon cloud. It took five minutes. • Very easy to serve static web pages in this way • Quite simple to store and access data in the cloud as files or databases • More tricky to set up large scalable applications, but this is where really big pay-offs are possible.

  17. G53ELC How Cloud Computing Works • Various providers let you create virtual servers • Set up an account, perhaps just with a credit card • You create virtual servers ("virtualization") • Choose the OS and software each "instance" will have • It will run on a large server farm located somewhere • You can instantiate more on a few minutes' notice • You can shut down instances in a minute or so • They send you a bill for the processor time and comms bandwidth that you use

  18. Virtualisation is the key technology • We will look at how this is done in another lecture

  19. G53ELC Worries? • How do I pick a provider? • Is my data secure? • Do I have any control over where my data is moved to? • How can I be sure the provider will live up to all those promises?

  20. G53ELC (footnote)How come Amazon? • It arose out of efforts to manage Amazon’s own services • (Each time you get a page from Amazon, over a hundred servers are involved) • See reference Amazon Architecture on ELC web page • They got so good at it that they launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) as a product

  21. G53ELC Cloud Computing Status • Seems to be rapidly becoming a mainstream practice • Numerous providers • Amazon EC2 imitators ... • Just about every major industry name • IBM, Sun, Microsoft, ... • Major buzz at industry meetings

  22. The revolution • Rent it instead of build it – pay for what you use • Rely on the experts to solve all those worries.. • There is a major revolution underway in how we manage hardware • Use many servers with virtualization • Applications organized with MOM • Data cached close to delivery point • Deployment and monitoring are in-house functions

  23. Any comments/Questions

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