Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Prayer and Spiritual He

1. Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Prayer and Spiritual Healing by Catherine M. Simile, Patricia M. Barnes, Barbara J. Stussman, Beth Taylor, and Catherine M. Simile National Center for Health Statistics Kim McFann and Richard L. Nahin National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

2. The findings and conclusions in this presentation are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

3. Background • CAM – a group of diverse medical and health care systems , practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.

4. Methods • CAM supplement to the sample adult core of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) • Administered to 31,044 sample adults (74.3% response rate) • Addressed 17 types of CAM therapies (including prayer and spiritual healing) • Sponsored by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institutes of Health (NIH)

5. Methods (cont’d) • Topical scope of NHIS allows inclusion of previously unexplored and underutilized concepts and measures • respondent health behaviors • access to conventional medical services • Logistic regression used to identify independent associations with CAM use and use of prayer

6. Dependent Variables

7. Model Variables:Health Behaviors and Status • Health behaviors: • Physical activity (no exercise, some, regular) • Body weight status (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese) • Drinking status (<12 drinks in lifetime, 0 drinks in past year, <1 per week, 1-7 per week, 8-14 per week, 15+ per week) • Smoking status (never smoked, former smoker, current smoker) • Health status: • Number of health conditions (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6+) • Functional limitation (yes, no) • Health compared to 12 months ago (worse, same, better)

8. Model Variables: Health Care • Access to conventional care: • Delayed care due to cost (yes, no) • Delayed care for reasons other than cost (yes, no) • Insurance status (uninsured, private coverage, public coverage) • Poverty status (at or below poverty line, 101-199%, 200-299%, 300-399%, 400-499%, 500%+) • Use of conventional medical services: • Number of doctor visits in past 12 months (0, 1, 2-3, 4-9, 10+) • Used over-the-counter medications in past 12 months (yes, no) • Used prescription medications in past 12 months (yes, no)

9. Model Variables: Sociodemographics • Gender (male, female) • Employment status (not employed, private sector, public sector, self-employed/family business) • Race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic AIAN, non-Hispanic API) • Region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West) • Education (< than HS, HS grad/GED, some college/Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s/Doctorate/Professional) • Age (18-44, 45-64, 65+)

10. Results • Overall, 36.1% of adults used CAM (excluding prayer) and 45.1% used prayer for health reasons in the past 12 months

11. Results: Health Behaviors

12. Results: Health Behaviors

13. Results: Health Status

14. Results: Access to Conventional Care

15. Results: Access to Conventional Care

16. Results: Use of Conventional Care

17. Results: Sociodemographics

18. Results: Sociodemographics

19. Results: Sociodemographics

20. Conclusions • Different segments of population using CAM and PRAYER; similar findings within these segments • Cost and non-cost barriers to conventional care increase likelihood of CAM use • Respondent health behaviors associated with both CAM use and use of PRAYER

21. Contact Information Catherine M. Simile, Ph.D. National Center for Health Statistics Division of Health Interview Statistics 3311 Toledo Road, Room 2115 Hyattsville, MD 20782 Phone: (301) 458-4499 Email: cus4@cdc.gov