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Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods and Industrial Fittings

Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods and Industrial Fittings. Module Objectives. Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads. Module Objectives. Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads

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Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods and Industrial Fittings

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  1. Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods and Industrial Fittings

  2. Module Objectives • Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads

  3. Module Objectives • Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads • Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings

  4. Module Objectives • Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads • Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings • Explain the various sealing methods used for the different fittings

  5. Module Objectives • Explain the basic thread characteristics necessary to identify threads • Differentiate between and identify various types of threads used on industrial fittings • Explain the various sealing methods used for the different fittings • Identify different types of fittings being used in the industrial market place

  6. Thread Characteristics

  7. Thread Characteristics Pitch • Thread pitch is the distance between a single thread

  8. Thread Characteristics Pitch: • Pitch is sometimes written as the number of threads within one inch distance • e.g. 8 threads per inch

  9. Flank Angle and Taper Angle: Thread Characteristics

  10. Thread Characteristics Crest and Root: Root Crest

  11. Thread Characteristics Major Diameter or OD:

  12. Thread Style and Function

  13. Thread Styles Port End Threads: • Parallel Parallel

  14. Thread Functions Parallel Threads: • Parallel threads only serve the function of holding in the fitting • Sealing is achieved by some other means, such as with an O-ring

  15. Thread Styles Port End Threads: • Tapered Tapered

  16. Thread Function Tapered Threads: • Tapered threads serve two functions: • For holding in the fitting • Sealing (even though sealing is usually assisted with additional sealant)

  17. Thread ID Tools

  18. Thread ID Tools • MIK-1 kit • Port Boards • Known Threads • Markings and Tables

  19. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Caliper • Thread gages • Thread profiles • Instruction booklet • Nose angle indicator

  20. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Caliper • Used to measure outside and inside diameter in either inch or metric units

  21. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Thread gages • Used to compare thread form to determine pitch

  22. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Thread profiles • Used to shadow pipe threads for determining nominal size

  23. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Nose angle indicator • Used to determine whether nose angle or seat is 37° or 45°

  24. Thread ID Tools MIK-1 kit • Instruction booklet (4303-B1) • Contains specifications for various thread forms

  25. Thread ID Tools Port Board • Used to determine male thread size based on comparison with known threads

  26. Thread ID Tools Other Known Threads • Tube nuts or other components where threads can be used for comparison

  27. Thread ID Tools Markings and Tables • In some cases, fittings are marked with a cross reference for threads • Tables can be used to identify threads based on given characteristics

  28. Identifying Threads

  29. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 1a. Verify if parallel or tapered • Visual inspection

  30. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 1b. Verify if parallel or tapered • Compare with a known parallel

  31. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 2. Determine thread pitch • Use thread gages Bad Fit Good Fit

  32. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 3a. Determine size • Measure with caliper or compare with thread profile

  33. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms 3b. Determine Size • Compare with Profile

  34. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • Threads are called out according to the type of thread • They usually follow a standard pattern and this is how they may appear on a print

  35. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • NPT/NPTF - American Pipe Thread • Example: 1/4-18 NPT • 1/4 = nominal size • 18 = pitch (threads per inch) • NPT or NPTF usually specified or NPT/NPTF where it does not matter if it is either one

  36. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • UN/UNF - Unified (SAE Straight Thread) • Example: 9/16-18 UNF • 9/16 = actual size • 18 = pitch (threads per inch) • UN or UNF usually specified or UN/UNF where it does not matter • UNF is usually used for thread pitch above 12 TPI

  37. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • BSPT- British Standard Pipe, Tapered • Example: R3/8 • R signifies tapered • 3/8 = nominal size • The pitch is usually assumed based on known standard • Japanese taper thread would be written as PT 3/8

  38. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • BSPP - British Standard Pipe, Parallel • Example: G3/4 • G signifies parallel • 3/4 = nominal size • The pitch is usually assumed based on known standard • Japanese parallel thread would be written as PF 3/8

  39. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • Metric Parallel • Example: M22X1.5 • M signifies metric • 22 = actual size in mm • 1.5 = pitch (distance between threads in mm)

  40. Identifying Threads Steps for Identifying Thread Forms: 4. Define thread • Metric Tapered • Example: M10X1 keg (or tapered) • M signifies metric • 10 = actual size in mm • 1 = pitch (distance between threads in mm) • keg is the abbreviation for the German word meaning tapered and if the thread is tapered, it will be specified

  41. Port End Sealing Methods

  42. Port End Sealing Methods • Female Port • O-ring in chamfer • Available with • UN/UNF (SAE J1926) • Metric (ISO 6149) • BSPP (JIS B2351)

  43. Port End Sealing Methods • O-ring in chamfer (Male end) • Most reliable form of sealing • Available in adjustable fittings • ISO 6149 has special identification

  44. Port End Sealing Methods • Female Port • Spot face sealing • Available with • Metric (DIN 3852-1) • BSPP (DIN 3852-2) • Wide variety of interchangeable male ends

  45. Port End Sealing Methods • O-ring in groove • DIN 3852 Type E • O-ring not round in cross section • Adjustable not possible • Second in pressure holding capacity

  46. Port End Sealing Methods • O-ring w/ retaining ring • DIN 3852 Type G & H • Separate metal ring surrounding o-ring • Adjustable fittings are type H

  47. Port End Sealing Methods • Bonded Seal • DIN 3852 Type D • Elastomer bonded to metal ring • Undercut on fitting has taper angle • Adjustable not possible

  48. Port End Sealing Methods • Hard metal seal • DIN 3852 • Typically used on Banjo fittings • Seals by coining surface of port • Limited reusability • Useful for extreme temperatures • Adjustable not possible

  49. Port End Sealing Methods • Soft Metal Seal • DIN 3852 Type A • Seal material usually copper • Adjustable not possible • Undercut area has taper angle

  50. Port End Sealing Methods • Cutting Face Seal • DIN 3852 Type B • Sharp edge on fitting coins spotface for sealing • Limited reusability • Adjustable not possible • Useful for extreme temperatures

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