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Landscape of Caste

Landscape of Caste . ‘ Transmission of craft-knowledge created occupational castes’ (64). Shift from hierarchy of peasants and herdsmen through trade and power . Mines (miners) . Hunters. Tools: stones for tools, construction, weapons (first efficient tool – miner’s hammer ‘ein Faustel.’ .

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Landscape of Caste

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  1. Landscape of Caste ‘Transmission of craft-knowledge created occupational castes’ (64) Shift from hierarchy of peasants and herdsmen through trade and power Mines (miners) Hunters Tools: stones for tools, construction, weapons (first efficient tool – miner’s hammer ‘ein Faustel.’ Woodsmen Herdsmen Peasants Fishermen

  2. Important contributions to energy • Fishermen—boats (manpower to horsepower) • Farmers/peasants—hoe, scythe, irrigation ditches, cellars • Woodsmen—wood for fuel, lathe, ax, • Hunters—hammerhead, knife—pre-war, • Miners—metals, organic energy (coal), luxury items (gold, minerals) ‘assault on physical environment’ (isn’t this what many forms of energy do?)

  3. Mining: A Barbaric History ‘Mine: blast: dump: crush: extract: exhaust—there was indeed something devilish and sinister about the whole business. Life flourishes finally only in an environment of the living.’ • Prisoners, Criminals, Slaves • Late Middle Ages—free labor enters mines • Danger, difficulty, mortality, darkness, struggles, perpetual winter, isolation, lifeless, irregular, uncertain • Materials produced from mine used for warfare, use brute force. Melting, breaking • Mines are for men, practices of mine affect the miner (psyche)

  4. Into the Depths

  5. Miner’s Life • Processed underground present above • Devastation of mining on landscape • Psychological affect on miners • Drinking/gambling, Animal-like state

  6. Affiliations of mining • Molders/Smiths • Jewelry making • Separated from mines in urban areas • Delicacy • Pleasant life

  7. And, Energy……? Mines as devastating to environment as energy produced from them. Was it necessary/profitable?

  8. Mining Bound to Modern Capitalism • Rapid advancement when mined by free men • More $ going into mine = safer mine • Peasants’ War of 1525 • Slavery Wage Slavery

  9. Increased Demand for Mine Materials • Warfare increased consumption of iron • Relationship between value and scarcity • Real value = power to sustain/enrich life • Curse of Midas

  10. The Primitive Engineer

  11. Wood in all its Glory • Had place of stone up until 19th century • Exceptional Qualities for Transport • Combustible “Take away wood, and one takes away literally the props of modern technics”

  12. Woodman as Engineer • Developed the Wheel • Lathe • Building Dams • Locks • Mills The list is endless

  13. Big Problem • DEFORESTATION • Soil Erosion

  14. From Game-Hunt to Man-Hunt

  15. Soldier Major Influence on the Machine • Hunter Soldier • Soldier Conquer • Clock = will-to-order Cannon = will-to-power • Soldierly habits of thought aid spread of machine

  16. “With a mere pull of the trigger, he [the Soldier] could annihilate an enemy: that was a triumph of natural magic.”

  17. Warfare and Invention

  18. No Limits • Inventions are infinite • Ideals of humanity don’t exist • "...now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds..." -Physicist Robert OppenheimerSupervising Scientist Manhattan Project • Military Development borrowed from other trades

  19. Effects of Firearms • Demand for Iron • Platform for other machines, i.e. combustion engine • Military engineer

  20. Military Mass Production • Arms factories • 1785, France – Interchangeable parts • Concept of Uniformity • Warriors to soldiers

  21. Effects of National Armies • Inefficiency of the paid soldier • Armies – negative producers • Importance of military uniforms - Louis XIV  First large scale demand of standardized goods

  22. “ War is not only the health of the State: it is the health of the machine, too.” -Lewis Mumford

  23. Drill and Deterioration • Soldiers are victims of simplification • Machine like approach = lack of intelligence and adaptation • “To soldier” = withhold efficiency in work

  24. Post War Love and Wastefulness • Need for luxuries • Women give up their bodies in response to their loved one returning • Men in return, must glorify the women with luxuries (need for cheap, mass produced inferior materials)

  25. Mars and Venus

  26. Fantasies into Machines • Steam Engine used to operate the organ • Children’s toys = future inventions • Airplanes, telephone, cars • “The spirit of play enfranchised the mechanical imagination.”– Lewis Mumford

  27. Productive Drive • Acquiring money = moving out of one’s class • The Palace was Heaven—sacredness • Theory of the New Age

  28. What does this have to do with energy ? • Soldiers = machines • Growing need to supply power to “toys” • **Wartime = Lack of man power in factories** = need for machines

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