French Revolution & Napoleon

2. French Revolution & Napoleon

3. Queen Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI

4. The Eve of Revolution • 1789 • French Old Order/Three Estates 1. Clergy 2. Nobility 3. Everyone else

5. Enlightenment Ideas • Questioning inequalities of Old Regime • Third Estate calls for change

6. France’s Problems • 1. Financial troubles • Deficit spending • National debt from war/extravagances • 2. Economic Reforms • Need for taxing 1st and 2nd • 3. Refusal to call Estates-General

7. Fixing the Problems…maybe • Louis XVI calls Estates-General to meet • Preparing cahiers • May-June 1789 • 3rd declares themselves as National Assembly • Tennis Court Oath

8. TENNIS COURT OATH

9. Storming the Bastille • July 14, 1789 • 800 Parisians gather around Bastille • Bastille Day • French Independence Day

10. S2: The French Revolution Unfolds • “Great Fear” • Marquis de Lafayette • U.S. • Natl Guard

11. National Assembly • Ends their own privileges • “Feudalism is abolished!” • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • Similar to the ____ • UH….women? • Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite!

12. Women in Versailles • BREAD! • Marie Antoinette…GRR!!!! • Versailles Tuileries

13. National Assembly • Lots of debt take over Church lands! • Church under state control conflict • Constitution of 1791 limited monarchy instead of absolute, reformed laws, collect taxes, separation of Church and state, equality for male citz.

14. RUN!!! • Louis and Marie attempt to…escape.

15. Radicals Take Over • Emigres nobles, clergy who fled • Thus, European rulers are NOT supportive • Enlightenment ideas? • National Assembly becomes Legislative Assembly • Jacobins (middle class) • Sans-culottes- radicals who wanted a republic

16. Radicals Take Over • Jacobins want REVOLUTION! • Declare war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, etc.

17. S3: Radical Days of the Revolution • 1793 Radical Phase • French troops decimated by Prussian forces, some royalists become emigres • Radicals take control of the L.A. • Becomes National Convention • Extends suffrage

18. Radical France • Votes to abolish the monarchy • Establish French Republic • Louis XVI tried by the Convention and put to death • Vote! Every vote counts… • January 1793 • October 1793

19. The French Republic • Committee of Public Safety • Massive tax on ALL for war • Trials and executions • Crushing peasant revolts

20. The Reign of Terror • Maximilien Robespierre “The Incorruptible” • Favored by Jacobins, sans-culouttes • “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads” • Architect of the Reign of Terror • 1793-1794 • Guillotine

21. Stage 3 Revolution • 3rd Constitution by the moderates • Moderates hold power from 1795-1799 • Sets up the Directory • Problems:

22. Napoleon Bonaparte • Politicians planned to use him…he outwits them all! • Nationalism

23. S4: The Age of Napoleon • 1799-1815 • Favors radicals and a republic • Victorious general (hid losses) politics • Ends Directory, begins Consulate • First Consul • 1804- Emperor of the French! • Democratic despotism

24. Napoleon’s Reforms • Controls prices, public works projects • Concordat of 1801 • Emigres need to oath of loyalty • Napoleonic Code • Women lost rights • Male dominated family • Religious tolerance • Ends serfdom • Careers based on talent, merit

25. Napoleon’s Empire • 1812 farthest extent • Map of Europe is redrawn! • Abolished Holy Roman Empire • Britain evades Napoleon through sea power • Battle of Trafalgar • Continental System

26. Napoleon’s Downfall • Nationalism beats Napoleon RUSSIA 1812 • Tsar Alexander I • Scorched earth policy • Napoleon’s Grand Army • 1000 mile retreat

27. Napoleon’s Defeat • Due to defeat, new alliance: • Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain • Defeats Napoleon in 1813 • Napoleon will abdicate • Sent to Elba • Louis XVIII is now King • 1815…he’s baaaaaaaaaaaaack….

28. Napoleon’s Defeat II • Battle of Waterloo (Belgium)- • Britain’s Duke of Wellington • Abdicates again to St. Helena • Napoleon dies in 1821 • HRE becomes Germany • Rise of nationalism • Sold LA Territory

29. End of the War • Congress of Vienna- meeting to decide the end… • Main goal is a lasting peace • Protect monarchies • Surrounds France with strong countries • Establish the principle of legitimacy • Quadruple Alliance • PRAB

30. End of the War • Concert of Europe • Powers meet periodically to discuss problems facing Europe • No European wars for 100 years! War ended in 1814…in one hundred years….

32. Images Used • French Revolution Charts: http://westerncivguides.umwblogs.org/files/2011/11/causes_french_revolution3.gif • Guillotine: http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/getty/7/9/2695379.jpg • Marie Antoinette: http://www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/french-revolution/marie-antoinette.jpg • King Louis xvi: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ludvig_XVI_av_Frankrike_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_AF_Callet.jpg • Pyramid: http://relay-of-revolutions.wikispaces.com/file/view/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png/158885463/480x385/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png • Tennis Court Oath: http://myweb.rollins.edu/jsiry/David_Jeu_de_Paume.jpg • Stormigof Bastille: http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/98/90498-004-CEB880DC.jpg • Marquis Lafayette: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.PNG • Louis XVI coins: http://img.ma-shops.com/almanumis/pic/combined697.jpg • Napoleon: http://www.findingdulcinea.com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/features/profiles/b/napoleon-bonaparte/features/0/image.jpg • Google Maps: www.google.com/maps