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introduction: perspectives in articulation and phonology chapter 2

This semester, some info is taken from:. Roseberry-McKibbin, C.,

Samuel
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introduction: perspectives in articulation and phonology chapter 2

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    1. INTRODUCTION: PERSPECTIVES IN ARTICULATION AND PHONOLOGY (chapter 2)

    3. I. IMPORTANCE OF INTELLIGIBILITY

    4. II. PHONETICS: BASIC DEFINITIONS Definition Applied phonetics Phonemes (allophones Not on Test)

    5. Morphemes Minimal pairs Phonotactics

    6. Morphophonemics Sound alternations that result from modification of free morphemes If a noun ends in a voiced sound, use plural allomorph /z/ (tails, bags, pins) If a noun ends in a voiceless sound, use plural allomorph /s/ (tarts, cops, lakes)

    7. III. PHONEME CLASSIFICATION A. Consonants

    8. B. Vowels Produced with an open vocal tract 1. Pure vowels (e.g., /a/, /i/, /I/) 2. Diphthongs (e.g., /ai/, /ou/, /au/) Phonemic diphthongs —if you reduce them to pure vowels, the meaning changes ( e.g., /ai/, /oi/) Pipe? Pop Boil ? Bowl Nonphonemic diphthongs —if you reduce them to pure vowels, the meaning doesn’t change ( e.g., /ei/, /ou/ )

    9. IV. CONSONANT PRODUCTION A. Distinctive Features /b/ = -vocalic, +anterior, -nasal, -strident, +voice B. Place-Voice-Manner Voicing—voiced or voiceless 1. Place (where)

    10. 2. Manner (how) Stops Nasals Glides Liquids Fricatives Affricates

    11. V. VOWEL PRODUCTION A. Tongue Position 1. Tongue height 2. Tongue advancement B. Lip Rounding 1. Rounded 2. Unrounded

    12. VI. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION A. Introduction IPA helps with allographs (E.g. /f/ allographs in tough, physical, taffy) B. Broad Transcription

    13. C. Narrow Transcription This uses diacritic markers Gives us more detail Especially helpful for accent clients, clients with hearing loss, cleft palate

    14. VII. SYLLABLES Open syllables Closed syllables

    15. VIII. PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES A. Definition

    16. B. Substitution Processes 1. Velar fronting 2. Stopping 3. Vocalization 4. Deaffrication 5. Liquid gliding 6. Backing

    17. C. Assimilation Processes Definition Regressive assimilation coat?toat cob ?bob fan ?nan Progressive assimilation paid ?pape tone ?tote

    18. Kinds of Assimilation 1. Alveolar tom ?tot lip ?lid 2. Nasal nose ? non map ? mam 3. Velar cup ? kuk dog ? gog 4. Labial boat ? boap mouth ? moum 5. Prevocalic voicing tent ?dent 6. Postvocalic devoicing fleas ?fleece

    19. D. Syllable Structure Processes 1. Weak/unstressed syllable deletion Celeste ?Lest tomato ?mato 2. Epenthesis 3. Reduplication (partial or complete) Partial = babi/book Complete = baba/bottle

    20. 4. Diminutization 5. Initial Consonant Deletion 6. Final Consonant Deletion 7. Consonant Cluster reduction (marked sound is most difficult; unmarked sound is easier)

    21. Marked is harder; unmarked is easier transcribe Dr. R’s production phonetically: Brain Truck Spit Stone Squirrel Pray

    22. IX. ARTICULATION VS. PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER

    23. These days… (beginning around 2009) Researchers are using the term speech sound disorder (SSD)

    24. Roseberry-mcKibbin & Hegde 2011:

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