IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management

1. Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management

3. ROW Targets 'Non-compatible vegetation' include tree species and noxious/invasive species that will impact ROW or adjacent properties It does not mean total vegetation management It does try to maintain a plant community that is least disruptive to wildlife, fisheries and human activity

4. IVM Goals �Managed succession� to develop tree-resistant, sustainable plant communities Impact target vegetation without injuring desirable vegetation - maintain cover Accomplish with minimal $

6. Identify plant, life cycle, habitat Combine IVM methods Cultural Biological Ecological Mechanical Chemical IVM Management Techniques To control weeds, it is very important that you understand all aspects of the weeds that you are trying to control. This will allow you to choose proper control methods. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an excellent process to follow in order to control weeds. IPM employs many strategies to control weeds, and they include �refer to slide�. To control weeds, it is very important that you understand all aspects of the weeds that you are trying to control. This will allow you to choose proper control methods. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an excellent process to follow in order to control weeds. IPM employs many strategies to control weeds, and they include �refer to slide�.

7. Cultural Competitive, native plants highly desired plant succession force naturally perpetuating wildflower meadow (rare in eastern OK, common in western OK) need research to identify desirable species

8. Biological Methods Insects (thistle weevil) Pathogens - Myrothecium verrucaria Grazing animals (geese, goats, live mowers) Competitive/compatible plants Refer to slide. Other biological means of weed control are being researched such as using pathogens that control or kill weeds and plants that make their own herbicides (Black Walnut).Refer to slide. Other biological means of weed control are being researched such as using pathogens that control or kill weeds and plants that make their own herbicides (Black Walnut).

9. Classical Biological Control Limited to high-impact species, usually exotic and invasive Purple loosestrife Musk thistle Salt Cedar Field Bindweed

10. Ecological Control Overlap of Cultural and Biological control concepts Programmed release of compatible plant species to provide a competitive plant community to inhibit spread of non-compatible plant species

11. Mechanical Methods Necessary in �reclamation� situations Expensive Non-selective - all vegetation impacted Doesn�t change plant community - mowed brush comes back as brush Habitat impacts

12. Chemical Methods Refer to slideRefer to slide

13. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Setting Objectives Compiling Treatment Options Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects Implementation Adaptive Management and Monitoring Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

14. Herbicides Selective or non-selective products Application method can determine selectivity Can promote release of native plants through selective (physiological, or application) approaches Less costly than other VM methods Usually provides longer control

15. Herbicide Disadvantages Require application by certified personnel, require compliance with aspects of the Right to Know act. They kill plants, and can cause problems with non-target plants via drift. Weaken them, allowing for diseases and insects to gain a foothold.

16. Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease Borers Flatheaded wood borers Roundheaded wood borers Clearwinged borers Ambrosia beetles and other bark beetles

17. Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease Borers Flatheaded wood borers Roundheaded wood borers Clearwinged borers Ambrosia beetles and other bark beetles

18. Emerald Ash Borer Flatheaded borers Emerald ash borer* adult about � inch, dark metallic green Introduced from Asia, kills living ash trees, seems to be limited to ash as a host.

19. Shade Tree Insect Management Emerald Ash Borer Damage is first recognized by dieback of upper third of tree, followed by full death, or abundance of suckering at base of tree. Beetle activity causes galleries, and girdling of tree.

20. Shade Tree Insect Management Emerald Ash Borer: Two issues: EAB is spreading rapidly. Firewood quarantine is in place, but how well is it being enforced?

21. Shade Tree Insect Management Round-headed borers Asian Longhorned beetle Arrived in US from packing material in Chinese imports (pallets) Size 1-1 � inches, with long antennae Lay eggs in oval pits that the female creates. 1 generation per year Larvae feed on inner bark, then move to heartwood. Attacks healthy maples, poplars, willows etc. Prefer maples.

22. Shade Tree Insect Management Ambrosia bark beetle Biology: Adults can be active year-round during warm periods, but most activity has been observed in spring. They mate, lay eggs and rear young within the galleries excavated by the female. Prefer 2-30 cm diameter stems.

23. Shade Tree Insect Management Ambrosia bark beetle Biology: All life stages can be found inside the galleries. Females can fly to other trees, males cannot fly. Will feed on pecan, plum cherry persimmon, redbud sweet gum and others. Several generations per year.

24. Shade Tree Insect Management Ambrosia bark beetle Damage Adults and larvae bore into twigs, branches and small trunks of woody hosts. They excavate a system of tunnels, and begin culturing an ambrosia fungus for food. Girdle infested wood, make toothpick-like spines of sawdust that protrude from host.

25. As they apply and assess their IVM programs, they are in a critical position to become first detectors for invasives! IVM Practitioners can be first responders! Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

26. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

27. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics You need to know what is going to be involved with the plant community and note any ecologically sensitive conditions that need to be accounted for Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

28. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Setting Objectives Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

29. Setting Objectives: Be transparent with stakeholders Explain need for keeping vegetation from contact with power line Objectives should be compatible with type of vegetation, location, plant ecosystem and population density of people. Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

30. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Setting Objectives Compiling Treatment Options (building a play book) Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

31. Compiling Treatment Options Should reflect accurate assessment of plant ecosystem and other objectives Should include as many options as is economically feasible, especially in ecologically sensitive areas Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

32. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Setting Objectives Compiling Treatment Options Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

33. Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects Should get from stakeholder buy-in as well as from research on regulations and needs of area. Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

34. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics Setting Objectives Compiling Treatment Options Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects Implementation Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005) Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds. Anything that can be don�t in order to get healthier ornamentals or turf should be employed. Planting the right plants in the right spot, and making sure that those plants are properly taken care of can greatly increase the ability of desirable plants out compete weeds.

35. Resources for Learning More��� Aboriculture and Urban Forestry online http://joa.isa-arbor.com/ Walvatne, Paul (ed.). 1996. How to Develop and Implement an Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Program. The National Roadside Vegetation Management Association, Newark, Delaware. National Roadside Vegetation Management Association http://www.nrvma.org/ offers certification information affiliation with state associations. Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association http://www.okvma.net/demo/ A great source for information, opportunities for professional development

36. Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management

37. Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management