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IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management

IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management. Tom A. Royer IPM Coordinator and Extension Entomologist Oklahoma State University. Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association Conference and Trade Show. IPM? IVM? What’s the Difference.

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IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management

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  1. IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association Conference and Trade Show

  2. IPM? IVM? What’s the Difference • In rights-of-way (ROW), the primary pest management concern is vegetation • IVM uses all the principles of IPM (comprehensive, economical, environmentally responsible) to manage non-compatible vegetation

  3. ROW Targets • 'Non-compatible vegetation' include tree species and noxious/invasive species that will impact ROW or adjacent properties • It does not mean total vegetation management • It does try to maintain a plant community that is least disruptive to wildlife, fisheries and human activity

  4. IVM Goals • ‘Managed succession’ to develop tree-resistant, sustainable plant communities • Impact target vegetation without injuring desirable vegetation - maintain cover • Accomplish with minimal $

  5. Courtesy of Art Glover, Pennsylvania State University

  6. IVM Management Techniques • Identify plant, life cycle, habitat • Combine IVM methods • Cultural • Biological • Ecological • Mechanical • Chemical

  7. Cultural • Competitive, native plants • highly desired • plant succession force • naturally perpetuating wildflower meadow (rare in eastern OK, common in western OK) • need research to identify desirable species

  8. Biological Methods • Insects (thistle weevil) • Pathogens - Myrothecium verrucaria • Grazing animals (geese, goats, live mowers) • Competitive/compatible plants

  9. Classical Biological Control • Limited to high-impact species, usually exotic and invasive • Purple loosestrife • Musk thistle • Salt Cedar • Field Bindweed Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Archives , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, www.invasive.org

  10. Ecological Control • Overlap of Cultural and Biological control concepts • Programmed release of compatible plant species to provide a competitive plant community to inhibit spread of non-compatible plant species

  11. Mechanical Methods • Necessary in ‘reclamation’ situations • Expensive • Non-selective - all vegetation impacted • Doesn’t change plant community - mowed brush comes back as brush • Habitat impacts

  12. Chemical Methods Herbicide - chemical that is used to control, suppress or kill non-compatible plants (weeds).

  13. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • Setting Objectives • Compiling Treatment Options • Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects • Implementation • Adaptive Management and Monitoring

  14. Herbicides • Selective or non-selective products • Application method can determine selectivity • Can promote release of native plants through selective (physiological, or application) approaches • Less costly than other VM methods • Usually provides longer control

  15. Herbicide Disadvantages • Require application by certified personnel, require compliance with aspects of the Right to Know act. • They kill plants, and can cause problems with non-target plants via drift. • Weaken them, allowing for diseases and insects to gain a foothold.

  16. Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease • Borers • Flatheaded wood borers • Roundheaded wood borers • Clearwinged borers • Ambrosia beetles and other bark beetles

  17. Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease • Borers • Flatheaded wood borers • Roundheaded wood borers • Clearwinged borers • Ambrosia beetles and other bark beetles

  18. Emerald Ash Borer • Flatheaded borers • Emerald ash borer* adult about ½ inch, dark metallic green • Introduced from Asia, kills living ash trees, seems to be limited to ash as a host.

  19. Shade Tree Insect Management • Emerald Ash Borer • Damage is first recognized by dieback of upper third of tree, followed by full death, or abundance of suckering at base of tree. • Beetle activity causes galleries, and girdling of tree.

  20. Shade Tree Insect Management • Emerald Ash Borer: • Two issues: EAB is spreading rapidly. • Firewood quarantine is in place, but how well is it being enforced?

  21. Shade Tree Insect Management • Round-headed borers • Asian Longhorned beetle • Arrived in US from packing material in Chinese imports (pallets) • Size 1-1 ¼ inches, with long antennae • Lay eggs in oval pits that the female creates. 1 generation per year • Larvae feed on inner bark, then move to heartwood. • Attacks healthy maples, poplars, willows etc. Prefer maples.

  22. Shade Tree Insect Management • Ambrosia bark beetle • Biology: • Adults can be active year-round during warm periods, but most activity has been observed in spring. • They mate, lay eggs and rear young within the galleries excavated by the female. Prefer 2-30 cm diameter stems.

  23. Shade Tree Insect Management • Ambrosia bark beetle • Biology: • All life stages can be found inside the galleries. Females can fly to other trees, males cannot fly. • Will feed on pecan, plum cherry persimmon, redbud sweet gum and others. • Several generations per year.

  24. Shade Tree Insect Management • Ambrosia bark beetle • Damage • Adults and larvae bore into twigs, branches and small trunks of woody hosts. They excavate a system of tunnels, and begin culturing an ambrosia fungus for food. • Girdle infested wood, make toothpick-like spines of sawdust that protrude from host.

  25. IVM Practitioners can be first responders! • As they apply and assess their IVM programs, they are in a critical position to become first detectors for invasives!

  26. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics

  27. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • You need to know what is going to be involved with the plant community and note any ecologically sensitive conditions that need to be accounted for

  28. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • Setting Objectives

  29. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Setting Objectives: • Be transparent with stakeholders • Explain need for keeping vegetation from contact with power line • Objectives should be compatible with type of vegetation, location, plant ecosystem and population density of people.

  30. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • Setting Objectives • Compiling Treatment Options (building a play book)

  31. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Compiling Treatment Options • Should reflect accurate assessment of plant ecosystem and other objectives • Should include as many options as is economically feasible, especially in ecologically sensitive areas

  32. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • Setting Objectives • Compiling Treatment Options • Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects

  33. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects • Should get from stakeholder buy-in as well as from research on regulations and needs of area.

  34. Implementing an IVM program(Nowak and Ballard, 2005) • Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics • Setting Objectives • Compiling Treatment Options • Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects • Implementation

  35. Resources for Learning More……… • Aboriculture and Urban Forestry online http://joa.isa-arbor.com/ • Walvatne, Paul (ed.). 1996. How to Develop and Implement an Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Program. The National Roadside Vegetation Management Association, Newark, Delaware. • National Roadside Vegetation Management Association http://www.nrvma.org/offers certification information affiliation with state associations. • Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association http://www.okvma.net/demo/ A great source for information, opportunities for professional development

  36. IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association Conference and Trade Show

  37. IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension EntomologistOklahoma State University

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