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Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity. Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity. Pathogenicity The ability to cause disease Virulence The extent of pathogenicity. Portals of Entry. Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral route. Numbers of Invading Microbes.

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Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

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  1. MicrobialMechanisms of Pathogenicity

  2. Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Pathogenicity The ability to cause disease • Virulence The extent of pathogenicity

  3. Portals of Entry • Mucous membranes • Skin • Parenteral route

  4. Numbers of Invading Microbes • ID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population • LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population

  5. Bacillus anthracis

  6. Adherence • Adhesions/ligands bind to receptors on host cells • Glycocalyx Streptococcus mutans • Fimbriae Escherichia coli • M protein Streptococcus pyogenes • Opa protein Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Tapered end Treponema pallidum

  7. Enzymes • Coagulase Coagulate blood • Kinases Digest fibrin clots • Hyaluronidase Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid • Collagenase Hydrolyzes collagen • IgA proteases Destroy IgA antibodies • Siderophores Take iron from host iron- binding proteins • Antigenic variation Alter surface proteins

  8. Penetration into the Host Cell Figure 15.2

  9. Toxins • Toxin Substances that contribute to pathogenicity • Toxoid Inactivated toxin used in a vaccine • Antitoxin Antibodies against a specific toxin

  10. Endotoxin Figure 15.4b

  11. Exotoxin

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