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Engineering drought-tolerant crops plants Eduardo Blumwald Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Calif

Engineering drought-tolerant crops plants Eduardo Blumwald Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California@Davis.

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Engineering drought-tolerant crops plants Eduardo Blumwald Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Calif

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  1. Engineering drought-tolerant crops plants • Eduardo Blumwald • Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California@Davis

  2. Observations: (i) Salt and Drought stress accelerate the senescence of plants. (ii) Stress modifies Sink/source relationships.(iii) Cytokinins delay leaf senescence. Hypothesis:In contrast to the common dogma that senescence is a beneficial process to plants during stress, it is possible to actually enhance the tolerant of plants to drought if the drought-induced senescence of leaves is delayed during the drought episode.Rationale:Based on the assumption that senescence is a type of cell death program that could be unnecessarily activated in different plants during stress and that suppressing it would enable plants to mount a vigorous acclimation response Strategy:Regulated IPT expression by a maturation- and stress-inducible promoter, could maintain optimal levels of cytokinin levels during stress, delaying stress-induced senescence. [IPT (isopentenyl transferase ) is the limiting factor for cytokinin biosynthesis]

  3. SARK IPT

  4. K Wild-type and transgenic plants expressing PSARK::IPT plants after 15 days drought Treatment followed by 7 days re-watering. Wild-type PSARK::IPT

  5. Oxidative Metabolism Conclusions WT hn SOD O2- O2 e- H2O2 PSII CAT PSI GSH AsA NADP+ H2O NADP+ GR DHAR APX MDHAR NADPH GSSG NADPH DHA MDHA H2O

  6. APX Oxidative Metabolism Conclusions 424 hn SOD O2- O2 e- H2O2 PSII CAT PSI GSH AsA NADP+ H2O NADP+ MDHAR GR DHAR NADPH GSSG NADPH DHA MDHA H2O

  7. RESTRICTED AMOUNT OF WATER EXPERIMENTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE WATER USE EFFICIENCY

  8. A/Ci CURVES: CO2 assimilation rate [μmol CO2.m-2s-1 CO2 assimilation rate [μmol CO2.m-2s-1 Internal leaf [CO2] (Pa) Internal leaf [CO2] (Pa)

  9. Vcmax = maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco Jmax = PAR-saturated rate of electron transport (based in NADPH requirements for RuBP regeneration) TPU = the rate of Triose Phosphate Utilization, indicating the availability of inorganic Pi for the Calvin Cycle “Photosyn Assistant” Program to determine factors limiting CO2 assimilation (Farquhar et al., (1980), Sharkey (1985), Harley and Sharkey (1991) and Harley et al. (1992)

  10. -1.35 1.75 1.96 0.91 1.96 0.91 2.16 pSARK-IPT 300 ml vs WT 300 ml [Log2 (Ratio)] CALVIN CYCLE

  11. PHOTORESPIRATION

  12. C C M M M P

  13. Amino acids/flavonoids GA/IAA/etc. sugars GSH

  14. OWA ½ OWA 1/3 OWA 1/4 OWA FIELD TRIALS – Brawley (Imperial Valley, CA)

  15. Effect of restricted watering (% OWA) on yield of WT plants a ab b FW [g/plant] c Treatment [% of OWA]

  16. Effect of restricted watering (% OWA) on yield of WT and pSARK-IPT plants 12% FW [g/plant] 13% WT 47% T2-36 T4-24 Treatment [% of OWA]

  17. Effect of restricted watering (% OWA) on yield of WT and pSARK-IPT plants DW [g/plant] WT T2-36 T4-24 Treatment [% of OWA]

  18. Transgenic lines Collaborations: Cassava – Willi Gruissem (ETH Zurich) Cotton – Hong Zhang (Texas Tech Univ) Flowers – Ryohei Nakano (Okayama University, JAPAN) Alfalfa – INTA (Castelar, Argentina) Sugar cane – Judy Zhu (Hawaii Ag. Center)

  19. Will W. Lester Endowment Dr. Rosa M. Rivero Ellen Tumimbang Rosa Jauregui Dr. Lianhai Fu UC Davis Genome Center Prof. Shimon Gepstein (Technion,Israel) Prof. Ron Mittler (Univ. of Nevada@Reno) Prof. H. Sakakibara (RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan) Dr. Ann Blechl (USDA, Albany, CA)

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