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What is Pro-Social behaviour?

What is Pro-Social behaviour?. Any helping behaviour such as: Altruism: Helping without thought of cost or reward to yourself.

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What is Pro-Social behaviour?

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  1. What is Pro-Social behaviour? • Any helping behaviour such as: • Altruism: Helping without thought of cost or reward to yourself. Pro-social describes a behaviour that benefits another person. It is also called helping behaviour. As people may behave pro-socially for different reasons, social psychologists have specific terms to describe the motivation behind pro-social behaviour

  2. Explanations of why we help? Empathy • Stage 1 Global Empathy- Babies and crying. • Stage 2 Egocentric Empathy-Comfort another child. • Stage 3 Empathy for another's feelings- Try to mend a broken toy, act appropriately. • Stage 4 Empathy for another's general plight.- War or poverty, have an understanding of these issues.

  3. Factors that affect pro social behaviour. These factors are mediated by cognitive dev, and learning by imitation. • Social norms.Social responsibility • Equality • Reciprocity. • SocialisationReward stage • Internalisation stage

  4. Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour A. Individual Decision-Making Self-focused: Cost-Benefit Responsibility Ability Notice & Interpret

  5. Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour A. Individual Decision-Making Other focused: Their Need Responsibility Similarity Notice & Interpret

  6. Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour A. Individual Decision-Making Other focused: Their Need Responsibility Similarity Self focused: Cost-Benefit Responsibility Ability Notice & Interpret

  7. Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour Feel Empathize: psychologically connected

  8. Explanations of Pro-Social Behaviour Other-focused: (+)Sympathy (-)Anger Self-focused: (-)Distress (-)Anger (+)Shame/Guilt Feelings of empathy

  9. Bystander intervention • Do I help (Yes) • Is this an emergency • Do I accept responsibility (Yes) • How can I help? (Yes) • What should I do? • If at any point the bystander cannot answer yes he walks away from the situation.

  10. Latane & Darley (1968) • Procedure:Participants sat in a room completing a questionnaire. • In one condition the participant was alone, in the other there were 3 participants. • Steam which looked like smoke stared to pour into the air vent, this continued for 6 minutes. • Findings:participants failed to report smoke even though they were bothered. • Conclusion: • Only defined as emergency if majority of bystanders agree, in another study they found that if an individual thought they were the only ones to see emergency 85% helped this dropped to 35% if they were in a group.

  11. Irving Piliavin (1969) • Devised experiments where different factors were changed I.e. race, gender, drunk, apparently hurt etc. • Method: Field experiment. • Sample: Opportunity. • Procedure: The ‘victim’ collapsed in a New York subway between 11am & 3pm. • Two observers noted information such as characteristics of participants. • Results.Cane victim helped immediately • Drunk victim helped by someone of own race. • As soon as one person helped everyone moved. • Conclusions: Little evidence of Pluralistic ignorance. • More help for cane than drunk victim, could be explained with equity.

  12. Factors affecting Bystander intervention. • Bystander aware he is only one there witnessing emergency. • Number of other bystanders • How close bystander is to victim (proximity)

  13. Sample questions. • What do psychologists mean by the term ‘altruism's (2 marks) • Identify two factors factors affecting bystander apathy. (2marks) • Describe and evaluate one study in which bystander intervention was investigated (8marks) • (Think!!!- Method, reliability, real life!!!)

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