Warm-Up – 3/13 – 10 minutes

Warm-Up – 3/13 – 10 minutes Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: • What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft? • What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination? • What are the basic components of a hydraulic system? • What gauge displays a full-scale minus deflection indicates a malfunction of the alternator/generator? • What is the purpose of a loadmeter?

Questions / Comments

Airframe SystemsFuel Systems • Two common classifications apply to fuel systems in small aircraft: • Gravity-feed • Fuel-pump systems.

Fuel SystemsFuel Contamination • Accidents attributed to powerplant failure from fuel contamination have often been traced to: • Inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot. • Servicing aircraft with improperly filtered fuel from small tanks or drums.

Fuel SystemsFuel Contamination • Storing aircraft with partially filled fuel tanks. • Lack of proper maintenance.

Aircraft SystemsHydraulic Systems • A basic hydraulic system consists of a: • reservoir • pump (either hand, electric, or engine driven), • a filter to keep the fluid clean • selector valve to control the direction of flow • relief valve to relieve excess pressure • and an actuator.

Aircraft SystemsElectrical Systems • A full-scale minus deflection indicates a malfunction of the alternator/generator. • A full-scale positive deflection indicates a malfunction of the regulator.

Aircraft SystemsElectrical Systems • The loadmeter reflects the total percentage of the load placed on the generating capacity of the electrical system by the electrical accessories and battery.

Chapter 7 – Flight Instruments FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

THIS DAY IN AVIATION • March 13 • 1910 — The first airplane flight in Switzerland is made by German Capt. P. Englehardt who takes off in a Wright “Flyer” from a frozen lake in St. Moritz.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION • March 13 • 1917 — The Army Air Intelligence Subdivision Office is approved.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION • March 13 • 1928 — The first Canadian woman to obtain a pilot's license, Miss Eileen M. Vollick, passes her flight test in Hamilton, Ontario on a Curtiss aircraft.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION • March 13 • 1945 — U. S. interest in flight is so popular that courses in aviation are being taught at this point in 14,000 of America's 25,686 high schools.

THIS DAY IN AVIATION • March 13 • 1951 — The Australian airline Qantas begins a survey flight from Rose Bay, Sydney to Valparaiso, Chile with a “Catalina” (VH-ASA).

February / March 2017

1st Quarter Requirements(3 days of Class Meetings – Mar 15) • All students will complete the following: • Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests • Complete Flight Sim. Tutorials (1 – 5 x 3 + 1) • Aircraft Fam. and Student Pilot Syllabus • Lessons 1 – 7 (Straight & Level Flight through First Solo) • Must pass written with 80% • Successfully complete 3 times on small sim • Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim • Complete ERAU Aviation 101 • 6 quizzes and 2 tests • Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit

AVIATION ACES • 007 • Jon Doe • Bulldog • Nimbus • DB n/a • Cincinnati • Chief • Jack in the Box • Goose 1B Pilots (A – 90 & above) 1B Co-Pilots (B – 80 – 89) High Shooter (98)

Chapter 7 – Flight Instruments FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

Today’s Mission Requirements • Mission: • Identify in writing how to interpret and operate flight instruments. • Describe the pilot’s ability to recognize errors and malfunctions with flight instruments. • Describe the pitot-static system and associated instruments. • Describe the vacuum system and related instruments. • Describe the gyroscopic instruments and the magnetic compass. • EQ: Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

Flight Instruments • In order to safely fly any aircraft, a pilot must understand how to interpret and operate the flight instruments.

Flight Instruments • The pilot also needs to be able to recognize associated errors and malfunctions of these instruments.

Flight Instruments • This chapter addresses the pitot-static system and associated instruments, the vacuum system and related instruments, gyroscopic instruments, and the magnetic compass.

Pitot-Static Flight Instruments • The pitot-static system is a combined system that utilizes the static air pressure, and the dynamic pressure due to the motion of the aircraft through the air.

Pitot-Static Flight Instruments • These combined pressures are utilized for the operation of the airspeed indicator (ASI), altimeter, and vertical speed indicator (VSI).

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • Static pressure, also known as ambient pressure, is always present whether an aircraft is moving or at rest. • It is simply the barometric pressure in the local area.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • Dynamic pressure is present only when an aircraft is in motion; therefore, it can be thought of as a pressure due to motion

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • The pitot tube has a small opening at the front which allows the total pressure to enter the pressure chamber. (RAM AIR)

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • The total pressure is made up of dynamic pressure plus static pressure.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • Both openings in the pitot tube need to be checked prior to flight to insure that neither is blocked. • This helps to keep bugs and other objects from becoming lodged in the opening of the pitot tube.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • The total pressure is transmitted to the Airspeed Indicator from the pitot tube’s pressure chamber via a small tube.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • The static pressure is also delivered to the opposite side of the ASI which serves to cancel out the two static pressures, thereby leaving the dynamic pressure to be indicated on the instrument.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsImpact Pressure Chamber and Lines • The two remaining instruments (altimeter and VSI) utilize only the static pressure which is derived from the static port.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsStatic Pressure Chamber and Lines • The static chamber is vented through small holes to the free undisturbed air on the side(s) of the aircraft.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsStatic Pressure Chamber and Lines • An alternate static source is provided in some aircraft to provide static pressure should the primary static source become blocked. • The alternate static source is normally found inside of the flight deck.

1st Quarter Requirements(3 days of Class Meetings – Mar 15) • All students will complete the following: • Take notes - All in class quizzes and tests • Complete Flight Sim. Tutorials (1 – 5 x 3 + 1) • Aircraft Fam. and Student Pilot Syllabus • Lessons 1 – 7 (Straight & Level Flight through First Solo) • Must pass written with 80% • Successfully complete 3 times on small sim • Successfully complete 1 time on Main sim • Complete ERAU Aviation 101 • 6 quizzes and 2 tests • Student will receive zero points for all incomplete work – NO make-up / extra credit

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsStatic Pressure Chamber and Lines • When the alternate static source pressure is used, the following instrument indications are observed:

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsStatic Pressure Chamber and Lines • 1. The altimeter indicates a slightly higher altitude than actual. • 2. The ASI indicates an airspeed greater than the actual airspeed. • 3. The Vertical Speed Indicator shows a momentary climb and then stabilizes if the altitude is held constant.

Pitot-Static Flight InstrumentsStatic Pressure Chamber and Lines • In an aircraft not equipped with an alternate static source, an alternate method of introducing static pressure into the system should a blockage occur is to break the glass face of the VSI.

Warm-Up – 3/13 – 10 minutes