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THE ROLE OF SHALE GAS CHANGING ENERGY FACTOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL/REGULATORY BARRIERS

The Brazilian Network for Shale Gas The View of Cenpetro Prof. Ildo L. Sauer and Colombo C.G.Tassinari. THE ROLE OF SHALE GAS CHANGING ENERGY FACTOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL/REGULATORY BARRIERS Anfiteatro Prof. Dr. Paulo Ribeiro de Arruda - USP August 2014 – São Paulo. BLACK SHALES

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THE ROLE OF SHALE GAS CHANGING ENERGY FACTOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL/REGULATORY BARRIERS

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  1. The Brazilian Network for Shale Gas The View of CenpetroProf. Ildo L. Sauer and Colombo C.G.Tassinari THE ROLE OF SHALE GAS CHANGING ENERGY FACTOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL/REGULATORY BARRIERS Anfiteatro Prof. Dr. Paulo Ribeiro de Arruda - USP August 2014 – São Paulo

  2. BLACK SHALES Organic-rich rocks with very low permeability Petroleum Rock Sources Shale gas is natural gas contained within shale sequences. Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  3. Conventional Oil and Gas Unconventional Oil and Gas 150°C, is modified for gas Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  4. HOW MUCH UNCONVENTIONAL GAS DOES BRAZIL HAVE? • RESOURCES: those which are potentially valuable, and for which reasonable prospects exist for eventual economic extraction (amount of gas in the shale). • RESERVES:thosewhichare valuable and legally and economically and technically feasible to extract (amount of gas that you might be able extract,technically and commercially recoverable). • We have an estimation of gas content in Brazilian black shales Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  5. Global shale gas basins, top reserve holders Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  6. World Shale Deposits Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  7. Sedimentary Basins with Potential for Shale Gas Amazonian Solimões Parnaiba Sergipe Alagoas Acre Parecis São Francisco Reconcavo Parana Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  8. ACCORDING ANP Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels National Agency • Parnaíba Basin Shalelayers are locatedatdepthsof 1.600 - 2.500 m V = 64.000 (area) x 0,04 (average thickness) = 2.560 km3 Barnettshaleanalogy 1.196 km 3______ 30 TCF 2.560 km 3______ x TCF x = 64 TCF Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  9. ACCORDING ANP Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels National Agency • Parecis Basin V = 99.000 (area) x 0,05 (average thickness) = 4.950 km3 Barnettshaleanalogy 1.196 km3______ 30 TCF 4.950 km 3______ x TCF X = 124 TCF Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  10. ACCORDING ANP Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels National Agency • ReconcavoBasin V = 2.000 (area) x 0, 4 (average thickness) = 800 km 3 Barnettshaleanalogy 1.196 km 3______ 30 TCF 800 km 3______ x TCF X = 20 TCF Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  11. According EIA/2011 • PARANA BASIN Shalelayersdeep, underneaththickbasaltlayers A total unconventionalgasestimated at 226 tcf Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  12. SUMMARY For Reference: USA: BarnettShale30 TCF USA: 665 TCF China 1115 TCF Argentina 802 TCF Brasil Bacia do Parnaíba– 64 TCF Bacia dos Parecis – 124 TCF Bacia do Recôncavo – 20 TCF Bacia do Parana– 226 TCF Total EstimateofResources = 434 TCF Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  13. *EIA estimates used for ranking order. API estimates in parenthesis Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  14. 12th  Bid Round 12th  Bid Round AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DO PETRÓLEO, GÁS NATURAL E BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS – ANP The 12th Bidding Round of blocks for exploration and production of natural gas in Brazil  LICITAÇÕES PARA A OUTORGA DOS CONTRATOS DE CONCESSÃO PARA ATIVIDADES DE EXPLORAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS NATURAL Datas: 28 e 29 de novembro de 2013 Local: Windsor Barra Hotel, Rio de Janeiro-RJ EDITAL CONSOLIDADO: 26/09/2013 Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  15. 12th  Bid Round AVAILABLE AREAS 240 Blocks Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  16. 26 INTERESTED COMPANIES Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  17. ResultSWinnercOMPANIES 12 Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  18. ResultS – originoftheCompanies Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  19. ResultS – numberofBlockssedimentarybasins Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  20. Shale gas in US gas production, tcf per year Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  21. SHALE GAS COULD BE A VERY IMPORTANT RESOURCE IN THE BRAZILIAN ENERGY MATRIX IN THE FUTURE Unconventional gas could be a cleaner “bridge fuel” for the transition from coal / oil to renewable energy sources Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  22. ToproduceShaleGas • Acquire rights to drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells **** and Fracking • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas! Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  23. Toproduceshalegas • It isnecessaire “create a permeable reservoir” and high rates of gas production by using intensively stimulated horizontal wells • It is necessaire fracking operations: • Trucks deliver water and fracking chemicals to drilling site • Shale is fractured and the water/chemical mix is pumped in Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  24. FRACKING PROCESSES Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  25. OPPONENTS WARNmethanescapeduringthefracking • Fracking is anenvironmentaldisaster • Produceairandwaterpollution • Accelereof global climatechange Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  26. Environmental impacts – real or not? • Ground water contamination • Water use and disposal • Chemical handling and reporting • Air quality • Induced seismicity • It is not very well understood how is the behaviour of natural fractures and faults when submitted to sucessives fracking process Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  27. The Braziliangovernmentwascharged to establishmeasuresthatcanbetaken to reducetheenvironmentalimpactand to assurethesafetyofshalegasproduction The responsability for monitoringfall to governmentand to industryitself Sometimesleadingthepublicperceptionthatlobbystscouldinfluencepolices Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  28. The Brazilianuniversitieshave expertise in manyareasrelevant to shalegasexploration • GeologicalandGeophysicalAssessment • HydrogeologicStudies • EnvironmentalImpactsandMonitoring • HumanHealth • EconomicImpactsandRegulations • TechnologicalInnovation • The universitieshave a reputation for rigor andobjectivity in research • Universitiescanbring a reputation for independence to theseinvestigations Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  29. GASBRAS : R&D Network in Unconventional Gas in Brasil (GASBRAS) MCTI / FINEP Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ·FNDCT COORDINATION:USP-IEE – UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO - INSTITUT OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT TEAM: • USP - UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO • UFBA - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA / UFRN – UNICAMP - UFPa • UERJ – UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO STATE • UFMG - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS • UFRGS – FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL • PUCRS - PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL • Joint-projectswithothersuniversities (USA, UK, Canada andAustralia) Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  30. MAIN OBJECTIVES The Development of the Research Related to the Exploration and Sustainable Production of Shale Gas in Brasil • GeologicalEvaluationoftheSedimentaryBasins (shalelayers) • Environmental Studies, Prior, Duringand Posterior Production • DevelopmentofNew TechniquestoExplorationandSustainableProductionoftheShaleGas • Studyof Management, Marketing andPolicyRelatedtotheShaleGas in Brasil Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  31. 1 – GeologicalEvaluationoftheshalegasin Brasil • Creationof a geological data base usingGeographicInformation Systems (GIS) for gas-bearing rocks. • Samplingofshales in outcropsanddrill cores • GeologicalCharacterizationofthegas-bearing rocks (shales), followingtheperformance-based geological assessment methodology, of the U.S. Geological Survey (2011) Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  32. ASSESSING PRODUCTION POTENTIAL • Shale Reservoir Characteristics • Type of shale- composition variability • Clay volume,type • Microporosity • Permeability • Fracture density, orientation, connectivity • Diagenetic effects (fracture fillings) • Geomechanical properties • Stress elements • Reservoir pressures and Temperature • Shalestype: - contentsoforganiccarbon(COT); Kerogentype I, II ou IIS; vitrinitereflectancy (Ro); • Sismicinterpretations, sismologystudiescombinedwithgeologicalstudiesto use in thehydrocarbon system modeling. Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  33. 2 – EnvironmentalStudies Prior, duringand Posterior exploration • Assessmentoftheenvironmentalconditionsprior to thedevelopment of shalegasresources • Characterizationofthepossiblecontaminationplumesbyorganicandinorganicproducts. • Establishmentofmonitoring system for underground water in real time duringshalegasexplorationandproduction • Developmentof new techniquesand new propants to avoidenvironmentalimpactsor to define actionsminimizingenvironmentalimpacts DRILLING A WELL FOR GAS PRODUCTION AND STUDIES Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  34. Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle UTACarrizo Oil and .Gas Inc Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  35. Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle UTACarrizo Oil and .Gas Inc Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  36. Urban Drilling - UTA Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  37. 3 – Developmentofnewtechniques to explorationandsustainableproductionoftheshalegas TECHNOLOGICAL & ENGINEERING ISSUES • DRILLING • COMPLETION • STIMULATION • FRACTURING • PROPPANTS • Assessmentofthefrackingprocessin theeconomicandenvironmental point ofview for brazilianshales. • Assessmentofthepumping and use of large volumes of water during frackingprocess, andwaterrecycling Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  38. 4 – Studyof Management, Marketing andpolicyrelated t o theshaleandoilgas in Brasil • Policy for sustainableproductionofShaleGas as Green Energy in Brasil • Potencial Marketandproductionstrategy • Risks, pricesandinvestiments in shalegasbusines • Impacts in thegas global market. • Establishment oftheregulationandlaws for government agencies for shalegas • Relationshipwith local society for UrbanDrilling Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

  39. LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA RESOLUÇÃO ANP Nº 21, DE 10.4.2014 Estabelece os requisitos essenciais e os padrões de segurança operacionais e de preservação do meio ambiente para a atividade de Fraturamento Hidráulico em Reservatórios (FHR) não convencionais. Contempla: • Sistema de Gestão Ambiental • Estudos e Levantamentos necessários para a aprovação das operações de perfuração e FHR • Projeto de Poço com FHR • Simulação de Fraturas • Análises de Riscos • Execução das Operações • Respostas às Emergências

  40. Prof. Ildo Luís Sauer

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