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The Renaissance Beyond Italy:. Innovations on the Italian Motif. I. The Renaissance in Italy: Characteristics. A Spirit of Optimism Recovery from an “unhappy condition” The Little Ice Age, Black Death, endemic warfare Economic solvency: the opening of the East Political autonomy
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The Renaissance Beyond Italy: Innovations on the Italian Motif
I. The Renaissance in Italy: Characteristics • A Spirit of Optimism • Recovery from an “unhappy condition” • The Little Ice Age, Black Death, endemic warfare • Economic solvency: the opening of the East • Political autonomy • The embrace of Antiquity • Selective borrowing: orators and the state • WHY? • Search for new models • Italian, Urban, Cosmopolitan, non-feudal, culturally unified • Christianity as Core
II. Humanism: the Italian philosophy “of life” • Renaissance humanitas • Two main tenets • bene beatique vivendi ars: the art of living well and holy • The active vs. the comtemplative • homo faber: man as maker/doer • Implications • Centrality/dignity of man • Reason vs. Eloquence
III. Propagating the spirit: the studia humanitatis • Subjects: • Grammar • “cleaning up” the texts • Relevance to contemporary context • Rhetoric • History • Moral philosophy • Poetry • Vs. the seven liberal arts • Trivium & Quadrivium • Implications
IV. Changed Realities: Italy by 1500 • The rise of signorie • Causes • Implications • Loss of Economic Dominance • The move north • Oceanic trade • The Italian Wars • The Italian “Surrender” • Emigration • The Counter-Reformation • Consequences & Implications
V. The “Northern Renaissance” • Definition • Common Attributes • Embrace and patronage of the arts/literature • Centrality of the court • Education and civility • Political theory and centralization • Adoption of Humanism • Chaos of the Reformations
VI. Dissemination • Human “bearers of knowledge” • Oral, manuscript, print • Humanist influence • Demand & supply • Founding humanist schools/universities • Informal academies
VI. Humanism in the North • Curriculum & tools • The embrace of the classics • A specific sort of inquiry: the self • Dignity of man/worth of woman • Self-fashioning & reactions thereto • The triumph of the vernacular • Influence of the printing press • Influence of religion
Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) Erasmus’ Christian Humanism Educational reform Eloquence vs. dialectic Scholarship new editions of ancient texts New Testament in Greek (1516) Education of a Christian Prince (1516) The Praise of Folly (1511) The “Phisolophia Christi” Implications Christian Humanism: Social Regeneration Through Education
Thomas More (1478-1535) • More’s Christian Humanism • History • Political theory • The role of government • The Humanist as counselor • Utopia (1516) • Raphael Hathloday & the island • The attributes of “no place” • Implications • Human reason & morality