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International Migration and Economic Development

International Migration and Economic Development. Robert E.B. Lucas Boston University. Adult Migrants In EU-15 By region of origin (2000). Data Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004. Given widening income and demographic gaps migration pressures will continue to grow.

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International Migration and Economic Development

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  1. International Migration and Economic Development Robert E.B. Lucas Boston University

  2. Adult Migrants In EU-15By region of origin (2000) Data Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

  3. Given widening income and demographic gapsmigration pressures will continue to grow

  4. Medium Population Growth ProjectionsAnnual Growth 2005-2050: Ages 15-29

  5. Pressures to emigrate often reflect failure to create jobs failure to maintain security Emigration option is a critical safety valve

  6. Average Unemployment RatesSelect Countries of Origin:1990-2004(approx).

  7. Refugees Originating Per Thousand Population (2003)

  8. Despite growing economic gaps,migration has grown less quickly than trade and financial flows

  9. Migration is not a substitute for development Some risk of long-term dependence on migration

  10. Migrants are the big winnersDespite commercialization of migration These gains to migrants are a form of development

  11. But migration can have important impacts on development at home Not all impacts are positive

  12. Poverty alleviation greatestfrom low-skill circular migration • High levels of remittances reach poor • Low skill workers at home benefit

  13. Reported Remittances Sent per Migrant (2000) Source: IMF Balance of Payments Statistics and UN Trends in Migrant Stock

  14. But migration of low skilled workers to OECD is largely from neighboring countries

  15. Low-Skill Migration Rates to OECD

  16. Low Education Adult Migrants In EU-15By region of origin (2000) Data Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

  17. South-South Migration Dominates For Low Skill Workers From Low Income Countries Most is irregular Calls for bilateral/regional agreements

  18. High Skill Migration to OECD Growing RapidlyPercent of tertiary educated population abroad in OECD: 2000 Source: Mapped from Docquier and Marfouk (2005)

  19. Tertiary Educated, Non-OECD Adults In EU-15By region of origin (2000) Data Source: OECD Database on Expatriates and Immigrants, 2004

  20. High Skill Migration to N America DominatesExpatriates in OECD Countries: 2000

  21. Distribution of Tertiary Educated Population From E Europe in OECD: 2000

  22. Migration policies of high income countries • Not part of coherent development strategy • Competition to attract highly skilled (students) • Yet protect low skill sectors (agriculture)

  23. Low-Skill Temporary Migration Schemes Present a Dilemma • Integration and rights of migrants Family separation & social effects • Managing return Transferable pension schemes Mode 4 and contracting Cost of re-entry (irregulars)

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