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10.3 Variations in Inheritance, It’s MOOOOOving !!!

10.3 Variations in Inheritance, It’s MOOOOOving !!!. Mendel’s Principles Revisited . Organisms typically have ____copies of each gene, (one from each _______) An organism’s _____ of genes (2 alleles) are segregated from each other when ________ are formed.

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10.3 Variations in Inheritance, It’s MOOOOOving !!!

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  1. 10.3 Variations in Inheritance, It’s MOOOOOving!!!

  2. Mendel’s Principles Revisited • Organisms typically have ____copies of each gene, (one from each _______) • An organism’s _____ of genes (2 alleles) are segregated from each other when ________ are formed. • Alleles for different ______ usually segregate _____________ of one another. (through meiosis) • (Law of Independent Assortment) two parent pair gametes genes independently

  3. Independent Assortment in Peas __ Round yellow __ Round green __ Wrinkled yellow __ Wrinkled green 9 3 3 1

  4. Chapter 10.3 - There are many variations of inheritance patterns Intermediate Inheritance - Inheritance in which heterozygotes have phenotypes between the phenotypes of 2 homozygotes. Example - Red & White = Pink (also called Inbetween or Incomplete Dominance)

  5. Intermediate Inheritance = Incomplete Dominance • Cross of two purple flowers____ X ____ • What are gamete possibilities? • genotype ratio 1RR : 2RB : 1BB • phenotype ratio 1red : 2 purple : 1 blue • Can you have a heterozygous red orblue flower? ___ RB RB R B RR RB R red purple BB RB B purple blue no

  6. Intermediate Inheritance Chickens C = Trait-Color CB = Black CW = White What do we get if we cross - Black x White CBCB CWCW CBCW

  7. Remember, the 1st generation of babies are called the F1 generation. Neither black nor white are dominant. No capital or lower case letters are used Parent Phenotypes can reappear in the F2 generation Now, we’ll cross 2 of the babies… CBCW X CBCW 25% - CBCB BLACK 50% - CB CW BLUE 25 % - CWCW WHITE

  8. Codominance alleles • Both _______ contribute to the phenotype of the organism by showing up simultaneously (at the same time) in heterozygous individuals. • In cattle and horses, if you cross a pure ____ (RR) with a pure ______ (WW), you get (RW) which produces the color _____. red white roan

  9. Another Example of codominance – Cow color RR WW RW

  10. Codominance • These cattle or horses actually have both red and white hairs intermixed, or are spotted. Roan is a third ___________. • If you cross a roan with a white… phenotype R W RW WW W roan white RW WW W roan white

  11. Multiple Alleles • In this pattern of inheritance, the genes have more than _____ alleles controlling them and are therefore said to have multiple alleles. No individual has more than _____ alleles, but there are more than _____ possible alleles in a population, so a ______ will be expressed in more than two forms. two two two trait

  12. Multiple Alleles • Blood type in humans is an example of this inheritance pattern. • The ______ different blood groups: • A, B, O, and AB • Are produced by ______ different alleles: • A, B, and O four three

  13. What is the universal donor? O What is the universal receiver? AB

  14. Multiple Alleles rabbit • The example of _______ hair color, which has at least four different alleles, is seen in these different Rex rabbits.

  15. Polygenic Traits • Traits controlled by two or more genes • Show a wide range of phenotypes • The phenotype is produced by the interaction of more than ________ of genes. 1 pair

  16. Human examples: skin, eye and hair color When multiple genes affect a character the variation in phenotype is great. Polygenic Inheritance - Combined effect of 2 or more genes on a single characteristic. (not “either-ors”) Example -Skin Color (Yes simplified) A, B, C contributes on unit of color The recessive a, b, c do not contribute any unit of color

  17. Potential combinations of alleles for a character increase with the number of genes that affect one character. Meaning - The more genes there are, the more possible combinations. Think about it like this - the more $$$$ you have, the more possible ways there are to spend it!

  18. Importance of environment Sometimes, phenotypes can depend on the environment. Example #1 - Trees & leaves Year to year, the leaves change size, color and shape. What affects this? Temperature & Sunlight! Others….. MUWAHAHA

  19. Siamese cats and Himalayan rabbits Himalayan rabbits normally are white as melanin is not produced at temperatures above 35 C. If one shaves hair from back and places ice pack on the shaven skin, black hair is produced.  The ears, tail, and feet are normally black because they have less hair and are cooler.

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